Possible adverse drug reaction to parenteral amino acids in an infant: a case report

A case report of a possible adverse drug reaction to 10% parenteral aminoacid formulation in a 5½ month male patient diagnosed with bronchopulmonary pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome in septic shock, is presented. There was a temporal relationship between the administration of the parenteral amino acid formulation and the onset of the exanthem. This was further evidenced by the regression of the exanthem following the discontinuation of the formulation. The causality assessment of this adverse drug reaction has been done, and the likely causes of this hypersensitivity reaction have been analyzed

Dry sliding wear behaviour of Ta/NbC filled glass-epoxy composites at elevated temperatures

In this work an attempt was made to evaluate wear loss, specific wear rate and coefficient of friction of Glass-Epoxy (G-E) composites with and without Tantalum Niobium Carbide (Ta/NbC) filler. A vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) technique was employed to fabricate the composite specimens. The fabricated wear specimens were tested by using pin-on-disk test rig at various temperatures viz., 30, 60, 90 and 120° C at normal applied loads of 10 N and 20 N. Sliding velocity of the disc of 1.5 m/s was maintained and test was continued for each sample up to a sliding distance of 5000 m. The wear loss in both the composites increases with increase in temperature and applied normal load. However, Ta/NbC particulate filler incorporated G-E composite exhibits lower wear rate and higher coefficient of friction as compared to unfilled G-E composite. The features of worn surfaces of the specimens were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and findings are analysed

Burden of Neurological Disorders across the US from 1990-2017: A Global Burden of Disease Study

Importance: Accurate and up-to-date estimates on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (burden) of neurological disorders are the backbone of evidence-based health care planning and resource allocation for these disorders. It appears that no such estimates have been reported at the state level for the US. Objective: To present burden estimates of major neurological disorders in the US states by age and sex from 1990 to 2017. Design, Setting, and Participants: This is a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study. Data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of major neurological disorders were derived from the GBD 2017 study of the 48 contiguous US states, Alaska, and Hawaii. Fourteen major neurological disorders were analyzed: stroke, Alzheimer disease and other dementias, Parkinson disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, migraine, tension-type headache, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injuries, brain and other nervous system cancers, meningitis, encephalitis, and tetanus. Exposures: Any of the 14 listed neurological diseases. Main Outcome and Measure: Absolute numbers in detail by age and sex and age-standardized rates (with 95 uncertainty intervals) were calculated. Results: The 3 most burdensome neurological disorders in the US in terms of absolute number of DALYs were stroke (3.58 95% uncertainty interval UI], 3.25-3.92] million DALYs), Alzheimer disease and other dementias (2.55 95% UI, 2.43-2.68 million DALYs), and migraine (2.40 95% UI, 1.53-3.44 million DALYs). The burden of almost all neurological disorders (in terms of absolute number of incident, prevalent, and fatal cases, as well as DALYs) increased from 1990 to 2017, largely because of the aging of the population. Exceptions for this trend included traumatic brain injury incidence (-29.1% 95% UI, -32.4% to -25.8%); spinal cord injury prevalence (-38.5% 95% UI, -43.1% to -34.0%); meningitis prevalence (-44.8% 95% UI, -47.3% to -42.3%), deaths (-64.4% 95% UI, -67.7% to -50.3%), and DALYs (-66.9% 95% UI, -70.1% to -55.9%); and encephalitis DALYs (-25.8% 95% UI, -30.7% to -5.8%). The different metrics of age-standardized rates varied between the US states from a 1.2-fold difference for tension-type headache to 7.5-fold for tetanus; southeastern states and Arkansas had a relatively higher burden for stroke, while northern states had a relatively higher burden of multiple sclerosis and eastern states had higher rates of Parkinson disease, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine and tension-type headache, and meningitis, encephalitis, and tetanus. Conclusions and Relevance: There is a large and increasing burden of noncommunicable neurological disorders in the US, with up to a 5-fold variation in the burden of and trends in particular neurological disorders across the US states. The information reported in this article can be used by health care professionals and policy makers at the national and state levels to advance their health care planning and resource allocation to prevent and reduce the burden of neurological disorders.. © 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved

Case study on water based cellulose couplant in contact type ultrasonic testing

In this paper the ultrasonic test performance of water based Methylcellulose couplant on steel is reported. The couplant used in the ultrasonic testing has an influence on the amplitude of the pulse echo signal. The ultrasonic energy which is transmitted from the transducer to the test material, through the couplant which is present in the interface. The amplitudes of back wall echo increases with increasing acoustic impedance of the couplant. In this research work couplant was prepared by using 0 to 50g of methylcellulose in steps of 10g in 250 ml of water. All five types of water based methylcellulose couplant were used for testing a standard stainless steel calibration U2 block. The effect on the amplitudes of back wall echoes was studied and best possible combination of water and methylcellulose are reported

Tribology and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fabric/MWCNT/Epoxy Composites

Cryogenic treated multilayered carbon fabric/oxidized multiwall carbon nanotube/epoxy (CCF/O-MWCNT/E) composite and untreated carbon fabric/epoxy (CF/E) composite were prepared by hot compression molding technique. The density and mechanical properties such as tensile properties, flexural properties, interlaminar shear strength, and microhardness of the composites were investigated as per ASTM standards. The wear and coefficient of friction behavior were investigated using computer interfaced pin-on-disc test rig at room temperature for varied load and sliding speed. The morphology of worn surfaces of the wear test composite specimens were studied by scanning electron microscope. It is found that the synergetic effect of addition of O-MWCNT to epoxy matrix and cryogenic treatment of carbon fabric improved the wear resistance and mechanical properties. Also, a thin lubricating film developed by the oxidized multiwall carbon nanotube/epoxy wear debris reduces the coefficient of sliding friction and wear rate

Case study on water based cellulose couplant in contact type ultrasonic testing

In this paper the ultrasonic test performance of water based Methylcellulose couplant on steel is reported. The couplant used in the ultrasonic testing has an influence on the amplitude of the pulse echo signal. The ultrasonic energy which is transmitted from the transducer to the test material, through the couplant which is present in the interface. The amplitudes of back wall echo increases with increasing acoustic impedance of the couplant. In this research work couplant was prepared by using 0 to 50g of methylcellulose in steps of 10g in 250 ml of water. All five types of water based methylcellulose couplant were used for testing a standard stainless steel calibration U2 block. The effect on the amplitudes of back wall echoes was studied and best possible combination of water and methylcellulose are reported

Sliding wear, mechanical, flammability, and water intake properties of banana short fiber/Al(OH)3/epoxy composites

Banana short fiber/Al(OH)3/epoxy composite laminates were prepared by dispersing short banana fiber and Al(OH)3 particulates in an epoxy matrix and investigated for their specific wear rate, water intake, flammability and mechanical properties. The sliding wear results showed that due to the synergistic effect of both fiber and filler in epoxy matrix enhanced the wear resistant in the composites. Similarly, the tensile stress and hardness improved significantly due to the addition of banana fiber in the composite material. Also, it is found that the composite becomes more fire resistant due to the addition of Al(OH)3. However, the higher percentage of fiber and filler increases the water absorption rate due to voids in the composite. The results of this study provide the insights of solid–solid interface leading to different bulk properties

Power loss analysis in altered tooth-sum spur gearing

The main cause of power loss or dissipation of heat in case of meshed gears is due to friction existing between gear tooth mesh and is a major concern in low rotational speed gears, whereas in case of high operating speed the power loss taking place due to compression of air-lubricant mixture (churning losses) and windage losses due to aerodynamic trial of air lubricant mixture which controls the total efficiency needs to be considered. Therefore, in order to improve mechanical efficiency it is necessary for gear designer during gear tooth optimization to consider these energy losses. In this research paper the power loss analysis for a tooth-sum of 100 altered by ±4% operating between a specified center distance is considered. The results show that negative altered tooth-sum gearing performs better as compared to standard and positive altered tooth-sum gearing

Power loss analysis in altered tooth-sum spur gearing

The main cause of power loss or dissipation of heat in case of meshed gears is due to friction existing between gear tooth mesh and is a major concern in low rotational speed gears, whereas in case of high operating speed the power loss taking place due to compression of air-lubricant mixture (churning losses) and windage losses due to aerodynamic trial of air lubricant mixture which controls the total efficiency needs to be considered. Therefore, in order to improve mechanical efficiency it is necessary for gear designer during gear tooth optimization to consider these energy losses. In this research paper the power loss analysis for a tooth-sum of 100 altered by ±4% operating between a specified center distance is considered. The results show that negative altered tooth-sum gearing performs better as compared to standard and positive altered tooth-sum gearing