3 research outputs found
In vitroNeo-Genesis of Tendon/Ligament-Like Tissue by Combination of Mohawk and a Three-Dimensional Cyclic Mechanical Stretch Culture System
Tendons and ligaments are pivotal connective tissues that tightly connect muscle and bone. In this study, we developed a novel approach to generate tendon/ligament-like tissues with a hierarchical structure, by introducing the tendon/ligament-specific transcription factor Mohawk (MKX) into the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line C3H10T1/2 cells, and by applying an improved three-dimensional (3D) cyclic mechanical stretch culture system. In our developed protocol, a combination of stableMkxexpression and cyclic mechanical stretch synergistically affects the structural tendon/ligament-like tissue generation and tendon related gene expression. In a histological analysis of these tendon/ligament-like tissues, an organized extracellular matrix (ECM), containing collagen type III and elastin, was observed. Moreover, we confirmed thatMkxexpression and cyclic mechanical stretch, induced the alignment of structural collagen fibril bundles that were deposited in a fibripositor-like manner during the generation of our tendon/ligament-like tissues. Our findings provide new insights for the tendon/ligament biomaterial fields
Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)-Penostatin E
The
first enantioselective total synthesis of penostatin E has
been accomplished. Two highly efficient and diastereoselective reactions,
a HosomiâSakurai allylation and an intramolecular PausonâKhand
reaction, were utilized for the construction of the basic carbon framework
of the target molecule as the key steps. A late-stage introduction
of the side chain and a successful base-promoted elimination reaction
afforded an efficient synthetic route to (+)-penostatin E