420 research outputs found
R&D Outsourcing Contract with Information Leakage
This paper studies an R&D outsourcing contract between a firm and a contractor, considereing the possibility that in the interim stage, the contractor might sell the innovation to the rival firm. Our result points out that due to the competition in the interim stage, the reward needed to prevent leakage will be pushed up to the extent that a profitable leakage free contract does not exist. This result will also apply to cases considering revenue-sharing schemes and a disclosure punishment for commercial theft. Then, we demonstrate that in a competitive mechanism where the R&D firm hires two contractors together with a relative performance scheme, the disclosure punishment might help and there exists a perfect Bayesian Nash equilibrium where the probability of information leakage is lower and the equilibrium reward is also cheaper than hiring one contractor.R&D outsourcing, Contract, Information leakage, Collusion, Multiple agents
Ameliorating Systematic Uncertainties in the Angular Clustering of Galaxies: A Study using SDSS-III
A Neural Network Subgrid Model of the Early Stages of Planet Formation
Planet formation is a multi-scale process in which the coagulation of
-sized dust grains in protoplanetary disks is strongly
influenced by the hydrodynamic processes on scales of astronomical units
(). Studies are therefore dependent on
subgrid models to emulate the micro physics of dust coagulation on top of a
large scale hydrodynamic simulation. Numerical simulations which include the
relevant physical effects are complex and computationally expensive. Here, we
present a fast and accurate learned effective model for dust coagulation,
trained on data from high resolution numerical coagulation simulations. Our
model captures details of the dust coagulation process that were so far not
tractable with other dust coagulation prescriptions with similar computational
efficiency.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted at the Machine Learning and the Physical
Sciences workshop, NeurIPS 202
MApping the Most Massive Overdensities Through Hydrogen (MAMMOTH) I: Methodology
Modern cosmology predicts that a galaxy overdensity is associated to a large
reservoir of the intergalactic gas, which can be traced by the Ly
forest absorption. We have undertaken a systematic study of the relation
between Coherently Strong intergalactic Ly Absorption systems (CoSLAs),
which have highest optical depth () in distribution, and mass
overdensities on the scales of 10 - 20 comoving Mpc. On such
large scales, our cosmological simulations show a strong correlation between
the effective optical depth () of the CoSLAs and the 3-D mass
overdensities. In moderate signal-to-noise spectra, however, the profiles of
CoSLAs can be confused with high column density absorbers. For , where
the corresponding Ly is redshifted to the optical, we have developed the
technique to differentiate between these two alternatives. We have applied this
technique to SDSS-III quasar survey at - 3.3, and we present a sample
of five CoSLA candidates with on 15 Mpc greater than
the mean optical depth. At lower redshifts of , where the
background quasar density is higher, the overdensity can be traced by
intergalactic absorption groups using multiple sight lines. Our overdensity
searches fully utilize the current and next generation of Ly forest
surveys which cover a survey volume of Gpc). In addition,
systems traced by CoSLAs will build a uniform sample of the most massive
overdensities at to constrain the models of structure formation, and
offer a unique laboratory to study the interactions between galaxy
overdensities and the intergalactic medium.Comment: 24 pages, 30 figures, 8 tables, submitted to the Astrophysical
Journa
Detection of Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Features in the Large-Scale 3-Point Correlation Function of SDSS BOSS DR12 CMASS Galaxies
We present the large-scale 3-point correlation function (3PCF) of the SDSS
DR12 CMASS sample of Luminous Red Galaxies, the largest-ever sample
used for a 3PCF or bispectrum measurement. We make the first high-significance
() detection of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) in the 3PCF.
Using these acoustic features in the 3PCF as a standard ruler, we measure the
distance to to precision (statistical plus systematic). We
find for our
fiducial cosmology (consistent with Planck 2015) and bias model. This
measurement extends the use of the BAO technique from the 2-point correlation
function (2PCF) and power spectrum to the 3PCF and opens an avenue for deriving
additional cosmological distance information from future large-scale structure
redshift surveys such as DESI. Our measured distance scale from the 3PCF is
fairly independent from that derived from the pre-reconstruction 2PCF and is
equivalent to increasing the length of BOSS by roughly 10\%; reconstruction
appears to lower the independence of the distance measurements. Fitting a model
including tidal tensor bias yields a moderate significance (
detection of this bias with a value in agreement with the prediction from local
Lagrangian biasing.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, submitted MNRA
Cluster Ellipticities as a Cosmological Probe
We investigate the dependence of ellipticities of clusters of galaxies on
cosmological parameters using large-scale cosmological simulations. We
determine cluster ellipticities out to redshift unity for LCDM models with
different mean densities and amplitudes of mass fluctuation
. The mean ellipticity increases monotonically with redshift for
all models. Larger values of , i.e., earlier cluster formation
time, produce lower ellipticities. The dependence of ellipticity on
is relatively weak in the range for high mass
clusters. The mean ellipticity decreases linearly with the
amplitude of fluctuations at the cluster redshift , nearly independent of
; on average, older clusters are more relaxed and are thus less
elliptical. The distribution of ellipticities about the mean is approximated by
a Gaussian, allowing a simple characterization of the evolution of ellipticity
with redshift as a function of cosmological parameters. At , the mean
ellipticity of high mass clusters is approximated by . This relation opens up the
possibility that, when compared with future observations of large cluster
samples, the mean cluster ellipticity and its evolution could be used as a new,
independent tool to constrain cosmological parameters, especially the amplitude
of mass fluctuations, .Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
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