The Decline of International Law as a Normative Ideal

International law was integral to the rise in power of the United States and has been central to the operation of world politics during the period in which the United States has been the dominant state. This article draws on the theory of International Law as Ideology to explain the manner in which the ideal of international law as politically neutral has served as a rhetorical fulcrum. The theory also offers a framework within which to perceive and assess the significance of an apparent sidelining of the ideal in global politics, including, notably, by the United States. While reduced use of the ideology of international law and introduction of the term "rules-based international order" or "rules-based order" might be the best strategic option at a time of declining power, the theory of International Law as Ideology illuminates the manner in which these developments may at the same time be unwittingly contributing to that decline

Perancangan Interior Healthy Day Care Di Surabaya

Healthy Day Care is a child care center which designed with priority of children's health that applied to all room elements which designed with healthy and attractive design that its application is done by making the formation, color, circulation space, lighting, which draw the attention of the child to can do their activities cheerfully but not excessive. Healthy Day Care is designed to solve the problem of any women who has some problems with her children, seeing the health of children today that are declining due to less activity and less socializing with the surrounding environment. Healthy Day Care must also be able to meet the basic needs of children to achieve the design results in accordance with the original purpose

An audit of the decision to delivery interval in emergency caesarean section and its effect on neonatal outcome

Background: Emergency caesarean section (CS) is divided into four categories based on the degree of urgency by RCOG and NICE guidelines. It is recommended that the decision to delivery interval (DDI) in emergency CS should be within 30 minutes in category 1 and within 75 minutes in category 2. Our Primary objective was to study the incidence and indications of emergency CS and audit the DDI in emergency CS at tertiary care hospital. Our secondary objective was to study the effect of DDI on neonatal outcome.Methods: Descriptive study was carried out among 409 women who underwent emergency CS from August 2018 to December 2018 at St. John's medical college hospital, Bangalore. Relevant data was collected by chart review. Emergency CS were categorised according to RCOG guidelines based on the degree of urgency and further classified based on DDI as 75 minutes.Results: We had 409 cases of emergency CS. Category 1 had 113 (27.63%) cases, category 2 had 126 (30.81%) cases and category 3 had 170 (41.56%) cases. DDI of <30 minutes was achieved in 19.5% in category 1, DDI of <75 minutes was achieved in 93.65% in category 2. Fetal distress was the leading cause of emergency CS in category 1 and 2. There was a high incidence of low APGAR in babies delivered in <30 minutes and lower APGAR was significantly associated with <30 minutes of DDI (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Fetal distress was the leading cause of emergency CS. DDI interval of <30 minutes was not always associated with good neonatal outcome; Category of CS has a significant effect on neonatal outcome

The Genomics of Colorectal Cancer: State of the Art

The concept of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, as first espoused by Morson et al. whereby the development of colorectal cancer is dependent on a stepwise progression from adenomatous polyp to carcinoma is well documented

The transmission of nosocomial pathogens in an intensive care unit: a space–time clustering and structural equation modelling approach

We investigated the incidence of cases of nosocomial pathogens and risk factors in an intensive treatment unit ward to determine if the number of cases is dependent on location of patients and the colonization/infection history of the ward. A clustering approach method was developed to investigate the patterns of spread of cases through time for five microorganisms [methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Candida spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa] using hospital microbiological monitoring data and ward records of patient-bed use. Cases of colonization/infection by MRSA, Candida and Pseudomonas were clustered in beds and through time while cases of Klebsiella and Acinetobacter were not. We used structural equation modelling to analyse interacting risk factors and the potential pathways of transmission in the ward. Prior nurse contact with colonized/infected patients, mediated by the number of patient-bed movements, were important predictors for all cases, except for those of Pseudomonas. General health and invasive surgery were significant predictors of cases of Candida and Klebsiella. We suggest that isolation and bed movement as a strategy to manage MRSA infections is likely to impact upon the incidence of cases of other opportunist pathogen

Yoga Reduces Symptoms of Distress in Tsunami Survivors in the Andaman Islands

A month after the December 2004 tsunami the effect of a 1 week yoga program was evaluated on self rated fear, anxiety, sadness and disturbed sleep in 47 survivors in the Andaman Islands. Polygraph recordings of the heart rate, breath rate and skin resistance were also made. Among the 47 people, 31 were settlers from the mainland (i.e. India, ML group) and 16 were endogenous people (EP group). There was a significant decrease in self rated fear, anxiety, sadness and disturbed sleep in both groups, and in the heart and breath rate in the ML group, and in the breath rate alone in the EP group, following yoga (P < 0.05, t-test). This suggests that yoga practice may be useful in the management of stress following a natural disaster in people with widely differing social, cultural and spiritual beliefs

Motif Berperilaku Kepala Desa Pada Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa di Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

The behavior of the village chief is expected to build the image quality public services, but in reality the implementation of public services have not been able to walk properly due to the unavailability of the service personnel are professional, dedicated, accountable and responsive and loyal to his duties as civil servants and public servants. By using a qualitative approach was found that social status (achievement, prestige / status position and power / power, and needs (income and appreciation) are two underlying motives in the village head behaves In Governance in South Minahasa Regency Village. Loyalty and professional as media which can bridge the social status and the need to make quality services. Keywords: Motive behavior, social status, Supplies, Service