Political And Economic Relations Between Iran And The United States From 1961 To 1981

The history of the relationships between these two countries does not go further than half a century ago, although it has the most variable and discrete ones. Regardless of the ways that these two countries are behaving now, reading and searching over their political and economical relationship in the past, could give us a very clear perspective of each side’s point of view. In the present study, secondary data, which were gathered from a wide range of books, journal papers and newspaper articles, were used to investigate the Iran-USA relationship in order to understand the roots of the earthquake in the USA, and Iran’s relationship from the political view, as well as the reasons why Ayatollah Khomeini and his successors had taken over the power and brought Iranian people into an anti-Shah manner. This research concentrated on the various aspects of the previous imperial of Iran, such as Mohammadreza Pahlavi (who was also known as Shah), his aspiration as a young king, his ruling in the area and his popularity in Iran.The Iranian domestic affairs, opposite groups, intelligent services and other conditions, which had bought the Islamic regime into the power, were also considered in this study. In the conclusion, the researcher found that Shah’s dependency on the USA misconceptions, unrealistic ambitions about the Iranian society and also the hegomonistic desire of supremacy power, made him a dictator and ironically brought his regime to a misfortunate end. His misunderstanding and intolerance towards any objection, gave the oppositions the time to gather around Ayatollah Khomeini and finally replace the last monarchy of Iran by the Islamic regime. This research also dedicated that the downfall of the Shah’s regime, apart from the roles of the USA was the result of his own actions as well as all the oppositions and activists’ who did not believe in Shah as the rightful governor of the country

The evaluation and determination of heavy metals pollution in edible vegetables, water and soil in the south of Tehran province by GIS

In this study, heavy metals pollutions in waters, soils and vegetables were investigated from farms, near oil refinery in south of Tehran city, Iran (Shahre Ray). The most important heavy metals in Iranian oil are vanadium, cobalt, nickel, arsenic and mercury (V, Co, Ni, As, Hg). In this region, the concentration of heavy metals in soils, well waters and leafy edible vegetables were evaluated in ten different points of farms. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to estimate the levels of heavy metals concentration at unmeasured locations. After sample preparation, concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables, soils and waters were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Five different leafy edible vegetables from farms, i.e., Persian leek, dill, parsley, spinach and radish were sampled in spring, summer and autumn 2012. In vegetables and well water samples, the concentrations of V, Ni and Co were above the permissible limit of heavy metals as compared to WHO guidelines and the concentrations of these metals in agricultural soils were found to be lower in accordance to soil references. The industrial waste waters had high concentration of heavy metals in this area. In consequence, the results of this study indicate that industrial waste water can cause pollution in well waters and edible vegetables. So, this region is not suitable for cultivation and growing vegetables

Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite based on its catalytic effect on the reaction of nuclear fast red and potassium bromate

A highly selective and sensitive catalytic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of nitrite in water samples. The method is based on its catalytic effect on the nuclear fast red–potassium bromate redox reaction in acidic medium. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the change in the absorbance at 518 nm of nuclear fast red 5 min after initiation of the reaction. In this study, the experimental parameters were optimized and the effects of other cations and anions on the determination of nitrite were examined. The calibration graph was linear in the range 2.0–45 µg mL-1 of nitrite. The relative standard deviations for the determination of 15 and 30 µg mL-1 of nitrite were 3.1 and 1.75 %, respectively (n = 8). The detection limit calculated from three times the standard deviation of the blank 3Sb was 0.7 µg mL-1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of nitrite in spiked tap, natural and wastewater samples

The evaluation and determination of heavy metals pollution in edible vegetables, water and soil in the south of Tehran province by GIS

In this study, heavy metals pollutions in waters, soils and vegetables were investigated from farms, near oil refinery in south of Tehran city, Iran (Shahre Ray). The most important heavy metals in Iranian oil are vanadium, cobalt, nickel, arsenic and mercury (V, Co, Ni, As, Hg). In this region, the concentration of heavy metals in soils, well waters and leafy edible vegetables were evaluated in ten different points of farms. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to estimate the levels of heavy metals concentration at unmeasured locations. After sample preparation, concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables, soils and waters were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Five different leafy edible vegetables from farms, i.e., Persian leek, dill, parsley, spinach and radish were sampled in spring, summer and autumn 2012. In vegetables and well water samples, the concentrations of V, Ni and Co were above the permissible limit of heavy metals as compared to WHO guidelines and the concentrations of these metals in agricultural soils were found to be lower in accordance to soil references. The industrial waste waters had high concentration of heavy metals in this area. In consequence, the results of this study indicate that industrial waste water can cause pollution in well waters and edible vegetables. So, this region is not suitable for cultivation and growing vegetables

The evaluation and determination of heavy metals pollution in edible vegetables, water and soil in the south of Tehran province by GIS

In this study, heavy metals pollutions in waters, soils and vegetables were investigated from farms, near oil refinery in south of Tehran city, Iran (Shahre Ray). The most important heavy metals in Iranian oil are vanadium, cobalt, nickel, arsenic and mercury (V, Co, Ni, As, Hg). In this region, the concentration of heavy metals in soils, well waters and leafy edible vegetables were evaluated in ten different points of farms. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used to estimate the levels of heavy metals concentration at unmeasured locations. After sample preparation, concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables, soils and waters were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Five different leafy edible vegetables from farms, i.e., Persian leek, dill, parsley, spinach and radish were sampled in spring, summer and autumn 2012. In vegetables and well water samples, the concentrations of V, Ni and Co were above the permissible limit of heavy metals as compared to WHO guidelines and the concentrations of these metals in agricultural soils were found to be lower in accordance to soil references. The industrial waste waters had high concentration of heavy metals in this area. In consequence, the results of this study indicate that industrial waste water can cause pollution in well waters and edible vegetables. So, this region is not suitable for cultivation and growing vegetables

Using silver nano particles for sampling of toxic mercury vapors from industrial air sample

Introduction: Mercury is one of the toxic metals that damages the nervous system and kidneys. Therefore, monitoring of mercury vapors in the environments is essential. .Material and Method: A new adsorbent was made from silver nanoparticles on a bed of quartz. The nano-adsorbent was capable for sampling of the trace amounts of mercury vapor from air. In this study, the required mercury vapor was generate by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry and the necessary analysis was performed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. . Results: Mercury vapors in the Stationary phase, were concentrated as much as 2300 times (Atomic absorption detection limit was 1.15 microgram per liter of air). Thus by this stationary phase, the trace amounts of mercury vapors can be detected up to 0.5 nano gram per liter of air. The detected value of the presented method is 200 times lower than the occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) standards for mercury vapors. Heater accessory at the temperature of 245 °C was used for thermal desorption of mercury from nano silver adsorbent. Optimal time of desorption was obtained 150 seconds and the Repeatability of the method was 58 times. The mercury vapors absorbed on nano silver adsorbent could be maintained at 80 days at the room temperature (25 °C). .Conclusion: The presented adsorbent is very useful for sampling of the trace amounts of mercury vapors from air. Moreover, it can be regenerated easily is suitable or sampling at 25 to 70 °C. Due to oxidation of silver and reduction in uptake of nanoparticles, oven temperature of 245 °C is used for the recovery of metallic silver. Low amount of adsorbent, high absorbency, high repeatability for sampling, low cost and high accuracy are of the advantages of the presented method

Neuropsychological effects of long-term occupational exposure to mercury among chloralkali workers

BACKGROUND: Mercury is one of the most well-known toxic metals for humans. Chloralkali workers are exposed to mercury vapours extensively, which may be associated with neurotoxicity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the associations between mercury concentration in blood and air samples, and mercury's neuropsychological effects among chloralkali workers. METHODS: This study was conducted on 50 chloralkali workers as the exposed group and 50 non-industrial office workers as the unexposed group. All subjects were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Piper Chronic Fatigue Scale and Essential Tremor Rating Scale. Mercury concentration was measured in blood and air samples using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS: There was significantly more severe fatigue, depression and tremor in the exposed group compared with the unexposed group. The mean concentration of blood mercury in the exposed group was 22.59±12.5μgL-1 which was significantly higher than the unexposed group (1.28±1.05μg L-1). Based on multiple linear regression, shift work, smoking, fatigue, depression and tremor were predictor variables for blood mercury concentration. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that this sample of chloralkali workers suffered from neuropsychological problems such as fatigue, depression and tremor, which is probably related to mercury exposure. © 2020-IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved

JSCS–3893 Short

Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite based on its catalytic effect on the reaction of nuclear fast red and potassium bromat

A novel method based on functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient removal of lead aerosols pollution from air by solid-liquid gas-phase extraction 03 Chemical Sciences 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)

In this study, the enrichment and novel sorbent based on functionalized bimodal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HS-UVM7 and NH2-UVM7) was used for removal of lead aerosols pollution from air by solid liquid gas phase extraction method (SLGPE). In bench scale set up, the lead aerosols (Pb (NO3)2, PbO was generated by dispersive aerosols generator system (DAGS) and removed from air by reaction loop (RL) / impinger trap (IT) in a liquid phase which was mixed with nano adsorbent in optimized pH. The effect of parameters such as, flow rate, volume of liquid phase, time stirring, temperature, concentration, pH and amount of sorbent (mg) were studied and evaluated by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). In optimized conditions, the adsorption capacity of HS-UVM7 and NH2-UVM7 for Pb(NO3)2 aerosols was obtained 255.6 mg g-1 and 177.6 mg g-1, respectively which was more than UVM7. The lead oxides aerosols (PbO) were extracted only by HS-UVM7 at acidic pH with the adsorption capacity of 271.2 mg g-1. The characterization of SEM, XRD, TEM, and FTIR showed that the HS-UVM7 has beneficial surfaces for removal of (Pb (NO3)2 and PbO aerosols from the air by SLGPE method at pH = 5. The method validation was confirmed by standard addition and NIOSH method. Figure not available: see fulltext. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG