Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor with impacted mandibular canine: a case report

The Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) is a rare, slow growing, benign, odontogenic epithelial tumor with characteristic clinical and histological features; which usually arise in the second or third decade. It is a tumor composed of odontogenic epithelium in a variety of histoarchitectural patterns which are embedded in a mature connective tissue stroma. It is mostly encountered in young patients with a greater predilection for females. Maxilla is the predilection site of occurrence, most commonly associated with an unerupted maxillary canine. It presents as a symptom-free lesion and is frequently discovered during routine radiographic examination. This case report describes an unusual case of 20 year old male with only a one month history of tumor in the anterior mandible. The tumor was a well circumscribed intraosseous lesion with an embedded tooth. Histological evidence of calcification was present. The present case lends support to the categorization of AOT as a mixed odontogenic tumo

Mature lipid droplets are accessible to ER luminal proteins

Lipid droplets are found in most organisms where they serve to store energy in the form of neutral lipids. They are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane where the neutral-lipid-synthesizing enzymes are located. Recent results indicate that lipid droplets remain functionally connected to the ER membrane in yeast and mammalian cells to allow the exchange of both lipids and integral membrane proteins between the two compartments. The precise nature of the interface between the ER membrane and lipid droplets, however, is still ill-defined. Here, we probe the topology of lipid droplet biogenesis by artificially targeting proteins that have high affinity for lipid droplets to inside the luminal compartment of the ER. Unexpectedly, these proteins still localize to lipid droplets in both yeast and mammalian cells, indicating that lipid droplets are accessible from within the ER lumen. These data are consistent with a model in which lipid droplets form a specialized domain in the ER membrane that is accessible from both the cytosolic and the ER luminal side

Expression of oleosin and perilipins in yeast promote formation of lipid droplets from the endoplasmatic reticulum

Most cells store neutral lipids in a dedicated compartment, the lipid droplet (LD). These LDs are structurally and functionally conserved across species. In higher eukaryotes, LDs are covered by abundant scaffolding proteins, such as the oleosins in plants and perilipins (PLINs) in animal cells. S. cerevisiae, however, has no homologues of these scaffolding proteins. To analyze a possible function of these proteins in the biogenesis of LDs, oleosin and perilipin family members (PLIN1, ADRP/PLIN2, and TIP47/PLIN3) were expressed in yeast cells and their targeting to LDs, membrane association and function in neutral lipid homeostasis and LD biogenesis were analyzed. When expressed in wild-type cells, these proteins were properly targeted to LDs. However, when expressed in cells lacking LDs, oleosin was localized to the ER bilayer and was rapidly degraded. PLINs, on the other hand, did not localize to the ER membrane in the absence of LDs and lost their membrane association. Photobleaching experiments revealed that PLIN2 and PLIN3 rapidly exchanged their LD association but PLINs did not move over the LD surface as quickly as did an integral membrane protein, such as oleosin. Interestingly, expression of these scaffolding LD proteins in mutant cells containing elevated levels of neutral lipids within the ER bilayer resulted in the formation of LDs. These results suggest that these LD scaffolding proteins promote the sequestration of neutral lipids from the ER bilayer and thereby induce LD formation. Consistent with this proposition, addition of a cell permeable diacylglycerol (DAG) was sufficient to promote LD formation in cells expressing the LD scaffolding proteins but lacking the capacity to synthesize storage lipids

Comparative study of cone-beam computed tomography and multislice computed tomography in the radiographic evaluation of cysts and tumors of the jaws

Aim and Objectives: To assess the efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in comparison with multislice-computed tomography (MSCT) in the radiographic evaluation of cysts and tumors of the jaws. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 25 subjects diagnosed histopathologically with cysts or tumors of the jaws. They were subjected to MSCT and CBCT. The image pairs obtained were compared for diagnostic quality and dimensional accuracy. Also radiation monitoring was done with a newly devised calculative method. Statistics: Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for all the groups in this study. The Kappa coefficient (k) for intraclass agreement was used for evaluating the scorings given by the evaluator for the diagnostic quality of the image. Results: A total of 28 lesions were found in 25 subjects. The diagnostic quality assessment suggested that the appearance of the internal structure and the soft tissue resolution of CBCT were inferior to MSCT. The radiation dosages from CBCT were noticeably less than MSCT. The dimensional accuracy of CBCT images was found to match those of the MSCT images. Conclusion: The results from the present study showed that CBCT could provide an image with MSCT-comparable diagnostic quality and accuracy, with a lesser radiation dose and risk, at a lower cost

Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor: Case Reports and Review of Literature

The lesion traditionally known as odontogenic keratocyst has been renamed by WHO in 2005, as "keratocystic" odontogenic tumor as it is more appropriate and reflects its potential for local, destructive behavior. It is a benign intraosseous neoplasm of jaw, which is unusual due to its characteristic histopathological and clinical features, including potentially aggressive behavior, high recurrence rate and association with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of proper diagnosis of keratocystic odontogenic tumor in order to prevent the recurrence due to improper surgical excision of the lesion

Assessment of knowledge and practice behaviors about minimally invasive surgical technique in periodontics among dental students, dental practitioners, and academicians: An online questionnaire-based study

Background: The concept on minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) is rapidly evolving in the field of medicine and Dentistry. MIST in periodontics is beneficial in enhancing clinical performance and in terms of patient-related factors also. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice behaviors about MIST in periodontics among dental students, dental practitioners, and academicians. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire was prepared as Google Form and was distributed to respondents to assess their knowledge and practice behaviors about MIST. Statistical Analysis Used: A descriptive analysis comprising counts and the percentage was performed for all the variables. Categorical variables were compared among the different groups using the Chi-square test. Results: The study revealed that most of the respondents had adequate knowledge of MIST but only 46% of them had performed MIST procedures in daily clinical practice. Conclusions: There is sufficient knowledge about MIST and its implications in periodontics among dental students and professionals. However, there is a need to emphasize the clinical applications and more training to enhance skills and practice about MIST