Haze in the Mars atmosphere as revealed by the Mariner 4 television data

Photometric investigation of haze in Mars atmosphere revealed by Mariner 4 television dat

Stray Current Corrosion Due to Utility Cathodic Protection

The conditions in which stray currents contribute to the corrosion damage of highway structures, the tests to determine if these conditions exist, and the methods recommended to alleviate either the conditions or the damage caused by stray current corrosion are investigated. An extensive review of the literature concerning the fundamentals of stray current corrosion and the practices of utility cathodic protection is presented, including a comprehensive study of the history of stray current corrosion, from its conception with the direct current trolley systems of the late 1880's to its present day problems in the cathodic protection industry. Federal, state, and Kansas Department of Transportation rules and policy are reviewed as they pertain to utility cathodic protection and the damage it may cause to adjacent underground highway structures. Based on the research covered within this report, procedural changes for the prevention of stray current corrosion damage to highway structures and additions to the KDOT Utility Accommodation Policy (1994) are recommended. The research herein concludes that: (1) that all construction close to cathodically protected utilities should be reported to the utility owners so that stray current interference can be assessed, (2) any utility pipeline found uncovered should be reported to its owner so that it can be inspected for corrosion damage, and (3) no underground highway structure should be located within the area of influence of a cathodic protection groundbed. Additionally, its recommended that the KDOT Utility Accommodation Policy (1994) be modified to: (I) directly state the policy on stray current interference from utility cathodic protection systems, (2) require utilities installing cathodic protection systems to submit the design plans as part of the process necessary to obtain a permit agreement for operating in a highway right-of-way, and (3) state that KDOT may require additional inspections along pipelines where interference could jeopardize the structural integrity of an underground highway structure

The evaluation of a shuttle borne lidar experiment to measure the global distribution of aerosols and their effect on the atmospheric heat budget

A shuttle-borne lidar system is described, which will provide basic data about aerosol distributions for developing climatological models. Topics discussed include: (1) present knowledge of the physical characteristics of desert aerosols and the absorption characteristics of atmospheric gas, (2) radiative heating computations, and (3) general circulation models. The characteristics of a shuttle-borne radar are presented along with some laboratory studies which identify schemes that permit the implementation of a high spectral resolution lidar system

Calcium influx at the tip of growing root-hair cells of Arabidopsis thaliana

The role of extracellular Ca 2+ in root-hair tip growth has been investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Root-hair length was found to be dependent on the concentration of Ca 2+ in the growth medium, with maximum length achieved at [Ca 2+ ] of 0.3–3.0 mM. Using a non-intrusive calcium-specific vibrating microelectrode, an extracellular Ca 2+ gradient was detected at the tips of individual growing root-hair cells. The direction of the gradient indicated a net influx of Ca 2+ into root-hair cells. No gradient was detected near the sides of the root hairs or at the tips of non-growing root hairs. When root hairs were exposed to the Ca 2+ -channel blocker nifedipine, tip growth stopped and the extracellular Ca 2+ gradient was abolished. These results indicate that Ca 2+ influx through plasma-membrane Ca 2+ channels is required for normal root-hair tip growth.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47478/1/425_2004_Article_BF00199963.pd

Imipramine effects on sleep in depressed adolescents: A preliminary report

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28419/1/0000198.pd

Autonomous support for microorganism research in space

A preliminary design for performing on-orbit, autonomous research on microorganisms and cultured cells/tissues is presented. An understanding of gravity and its effects on cells is crucial for space exploration as well as for terrestrial applications. The payload is designed to be compatible with the COMmercial Experiment Transported (COMET) launch vehicle, an orbiter middeck locker interface, and with Space Station Freedom. Uplink/downlink capabilities and sample return through controlled reentry are available for all carriers. Autonomous testing activities are preprogrammed with inflight reprogrammability. Sensors for monitoring temperature, pH, light, gravity levels, vibration, and radiation are provided for environmental regulation and experimental data collection. Additional experiment data acquisition includes optical density measurement, microscopy, video, and file photography. Onboard full data storage capabilities are provided. A fluid transfer mechanism is utilized for inoculation, sampling, and nutrient replenishment of experiment cultures. In addition to payload design, representative experiments were developed to ensure scientific objectives remained compatible with hardware capabilities. The project is defined to provide biological data pertinent to extended duration crewed space flight including crew health issues and development of a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS). In addition, opportunities are opened for investigations leading to commercial applications of space, such as pharmaceutical development, modeling of terrestrial diseases, and material processing

Preliminary concepts: coordinated safeguards for materials management in a thorium--uranium fuel reprocessing plant

This report addresses preliminary concepts for coordinated safeguards materials management in a typical generic thorium--uranium-fueled light-water reactor (LWR) fuels reprocessing plant. The reference facility is designed to recover thorium and uranium from first-generation (denatured /sup 235/U) startup fuels, first-recycle and equilibrium (denatured /sup 233/U) thorium--uranium LWR fuels, and to recover the plutonium generated in the /sup 238/U denaturant as well. 12 figures, 3 tables

Allelic imbalance at 1p36 may predict prognosis of chemoradiation therapy for bladder preservation in patients with invasive bladder cancer

Invasive bladder cancers have been treated by irradiation combined with cis- platinum (CDDP) as a bladder preservative option. The aim of this study was to find a marker for predicting patient outcome as well as clinical response after chemoradiation therapy (CRT) by investigating allelic loss of apoptosis-related genes. A total of 67 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder treated by CRT (median dose: 32.4 Gy of radiation and 232 mg of CDDP) were studied. We investigated allelic imbalances at 14 loci on chromosomes 17p13 and 1p36 including the p53 and p73 gene regions by fluorescent multiplex PCR based on DNA from paraffin-embedded tumour specimens and peripheral blood. The response to CRT was clinical response (CR) in 21 patients (31%), partial response (PR) in 31 (46%), and no change(NC) in 15 (22%). There was no statistical correlation between treatment response and clinical parameters, such as tumour grade, stage, radiation dose, or CDDP dose. The frequencies of allelic imbalance for TP53 and TP73 were 21 and 56%, respectively; neither was correlated with clinical treatment response and tumour stage or grade. There was no statistical correlation between treatment response and allelic imbalance at the other 12 loci. We found a significant correlation between cancer-specific survival and an imbalance of D1S243 (P=0.0482) or TP73 (P=0.0013) using a Log-rank test, although other loci including TP53 did not correlate with survival (P=0.4529 Multivariate analysis showed performance status (P=0.0047), recurrence (P=0.0017), and radiation doses (P=0.0468) were independent predictive factors for cancer-specific survival. However, an allelic imbalance of TP73 was the most remarkable independent predictive factor of poor patient survival (P=0.0002, risk ratio: 3382). Our results suggest that the allelic loss of the p73 gene predicts a clinical outcome of locally advanced bladder cancer when treated by CRT

Sauerstoff

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