The multiple solutions of self-consistency condition in Walecka model and the validity of the Brown-Rho scaling law

We investigate the self-consistency condition (SCC) of mean-field theory in Walecka model and find that the solutions of the SCC are multiple at high temperature and chemical potential. Using the effective Lagrangian approach, we study medium effects on the $\omega$ meson mass by taking into account of vacuum effects. We show that the $\omega$ meson mass decreases with both temperature and chemical potential with a general tendency, while near the critical point several $\omega$ meson masses become degenerate due to the multiple solutions of the SCC. We check the validity of Brown-Rho scaling law in this case. Finally, we calculate the thermodynamic potential and prove that the multiple solutions of the SCC result from a first-order phase transition of nuclear matter in the Walecka model at high temperature and chemical potential.Comment: 10 pages in Revtex with 9 figure

Study protocol for an International Prospective Observational Cohort Study for Optimal Bowel Resection Extent and Central Radicality for Colon Cancer (T-REX study)

This is a prospective observational cohort study aiming to include 4000 patients with stages I to III colon cancer treated at 35 specialist institutions in Japan, South Korea, Germany, Russia, Lithuania and Taiwan. The anatomical distribution of lymph nodes and feeding arteries are investigated using surgical specimens according to pre-specified categorizing methods using intraoperative anatomical markings. Primary analyses are performed to identify the general principles of metastatic lymph node distribution in terms of its relation to the location of the primary tumor and feeding arteries. Secondary analyses will be used to estimate prognostic outcomes according to bowel resection length and central radicality and will be used to evaluate the quality of resected surgical specimens. Through in-depth lymph node mapping, standardized criteria for the definite area of ‘regional’ lymph node resection in routine surgical procedures can be identified, which is expected to contribute to international standardization in colon cancer surgery (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02938481)