Environmental assessment and accounting for the waste disposal stream in Bangkok, Thailand

It is very important that waste should be controlled and appropriately handled in a waste disposal stream, considering its impact on the environment. In this research, the LCA-EA model was applied to the current waste disposal stream of the BMR as well as other waste disposal stream scenarios, so that treatment cost, environmental load and environmental cost were assessed quantatively. The results of this study showed that in the current waste diposal stream in Bangkok, there were large contributions from carbon dioxide and methane to the greenhouse gas emissions from the stream. The study was able to quantify the reductions in environmental load associated with various waste disposal stream scenarios, using the baseline scenario as a standard

ハイキブツ ショブンジョウ ニ オケル カバーザイ ト シテノ オデイ ノ テキヨウセイ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第9860号工博第2202号新制||工||1255(附属図書館)UT51-2003-C628京都大学大学院工学研究科土木工学専攻(主査)教授 嘉門 雅史, 教授 大西 有三, 教授 武田 信生学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of EngineeringKyoto UniversityDFA

Numerical Analysis for Ground Subsidence Caused by Extraction Holes of Removed Piles

Around the world, and especially in Japan, the tearing down of social infrastructure, including civil engineering structures, has been increasing due to the aging of these constructions, which were built during a period of high economic growth, and a decrease in their utilization caused by a recent drop in the population. The number of existing pile foundations being pulled out has gradually risen to a higher number than that of pile foundations being newly installed. However, after the pulling-out of a pile foundation, the mechanical characteristics of the surrounding ground are of great concern due to the existence of the holes that form when the existing piles are removed (extraction holes). In this study, a three-dimensional elasto-plastic consolidation analysis was performed to examine the effect of the extraction holes of removed piles on the static properties of the surrounding ground. As examples of the results of the analysis, if an extraction hole of a removed pile is left as it is, large ground subsidence will occur near the extraction hole of removed pile, especially at the lower part of the clay layer near the hole. The greater the number of extraction holes of removed piles, the greater the compressive stress acting on the extraction holes after the pile removal. Therefore, the filler should exhibit strength early as the number of extraction holes of removed piles increases

In-Situ Ground Surveying by the NSWS Testing Machine

This paper outlines the development of the NSWS (Nippon Screw Weight System) testing machine. In compliance with the Swedish sounding (SWS) test that determines loading and rotational penetration resistance. The NSWS was developed as an in-situ ground surveying device to detect super soft zones in the ground, including hollows and loosening, in detail, by allowing operation in the 0 to 2500N load range, with very close measurements intervals and penetration speed control, the features of which cannot be achieved by the SWS testing machine. Additionally, findings from an in-situ surveying of in-ground hollows identified using the NSWS testing machine are reported in this paper. The machine achieved a conversion N-value measuring intervals of 2.5cm (or 3.8cm), determination of ranges of hollow and loosening zones through pre-setting of penetration speed, and detection of super soft zones of conversion N-values 1 and below with a load range of 0 to 1000N

Material properties of water-swelling material used as a water cutoff treatment material at waste landfill sites

Water-swelling material (WSM) is a fluid sealant obtained by blending high-absorbency polymer, a filler, and a solvent by using a synthetic resin elastomer as the base material. In this research, we studied experimentally the composition of WSM, the extent of swelling, the strength of the WSM and the long-term performance of the swelling material used as a jointed water cutoff treatment material at waste landfill sites. One of the results was that adjusting the degree of etherification of the high-absorbency polymer, which is a component of the WSM, and the resin content of the synthetic elastomer contributed to improvement of the swelling of the sealant and the strength of the swelling material. Further, in long-term tests, the strength of the WSM tended to become stabilized and it was confirmed that it had sufficient pressure resistance for use in coastal landfill sites, where its application as a water cutoff treatment material is being considered

Elementary study on evaluation of environmental loads and costs for waste treatment system in Bangkok

It is very important for waste to be controlled and appropriately treated in a waste treatment system because of its impact on the environment. This study quantitatively evaluates the current waste treatment system and suggests countermeasures based on their impact on reducing the environmental and treatment costs in order to solve waste treatment problems in Bangkok, Thailand. Evaluation models are applied to estimate the treatment and environmental costs in the current waste treatment system. This study shows that the contribution of carbon dioxide and methane gases from the current waste treatment system in Bangkok, Thailand to the greenhouse effect is large. Using the baseline scenario as a standard, the study provides a quantitative measure of the reduction in environmental costs that can be achieved by applying the countermeasure scenarios

Sustainability of Soil/Ground Environment under Changes in Groundwater Level in Bangkok Plain, Thailand

The groundwater level is a significant factor when assessing the sustainability of soil/ground environmental factors, such as bearing capacity behavior and soil surface displacement. Normally, groundwater level changes depend on deep-well pumping in industrial and economic development areas in many countries, especially Bangkok, Thailand. Groundwater level changes are related to pore water pressure changes and soil surface displacement, called land subsidence or rebound displacement. Changing soil strength and soil surface displacement during groundwater level changes depend on many factors. This study analyzes the behavior of soil around a single pile when the groundwater level changes and assesses the behavior of soil displacement when the groundwater level rises to the ground surface after prohibiting groundwater pumping. This research evaluates the behavior of soil by using a centrifuge machine and theoretical calculations (soil displacement analysis only). The results of both the centrifuge test and theoretical calculations were compared with the results from the Department of Groundwater Resources (DGR) and previous research conducted by other researchers. The soil surface displacement behavior in the centrifuge test showed a similar trend compared with the field measurement results of DGR. Meanwhile, the results of the theoretical calculations and the results of previous researchers showed a similar trend regarding the rebound in soil surface displacement. Furthermore, the bearing capacity of a single pile in stiff clay increased when the groundwater level decreased, and the bearing capacity in stiff clay increased further upon groundwater recovery or the rise to the ground surface. In medium-density sand, the bearing capacity increased when the groundwater level decreased and decreased when the groundwater level recovered to the ground surface

Sustainability of Soil/Ground Environment under Changes in Groundwater Level in Bangkok Plain, Thailand

The groundwater level is a significant factor when assessing the sustainability of soil/ground environmental factors, such as bearing capacity behavior and soil surface displacement. Normally, groundwater level changes depend on deep-well pumping in industrial and economic development areas in many countries, especially Bangkok, Thailand. Groundwater level changes are related to pore water pressure changes and soil surface displacement, called land subsidence or rebound displacement. Changing soil strength and soil surface displacement during groundwater level changes depend on many factors. This study analyzes the behavior of soil around a single pile when the groundwater level changes and assesses the behavior of soil displacement when the groundwater level rises to the ground surface after prohibiting groundwater pumping. This research evaluates the behavior of soil by using a centrifuge machine and theoretical calculations (soil displacement analysis only). The results of both the centrifuge test and theoretical calculations were compared with the results from the Department of Groundwater Resources (DGR) and previous research conducted by other researchers. The soil surface displacement behavior in the centrifuge test showed a similar trend compared with the field measurement results of DGR. Meanwhile, the results of the theoretical calculations and the results of previous researchers showed a similar trend regarding the rebound in soil surface displacement. Furthermore, the bearing capacity of a single pile in stiff clay increased when the groundwater level decreased, and the bearing capacity in stiff clay increased further upon groundwater recovery or the rise to the ground surface. In medium-density sand, the bearing capacity increased when the groundwater level decreased and decreased when the groundwater level recovered to the ground surface

Potential of Computer-Aided Engineering in the Design of Ground-Improvement Technologies

The progress status of jet-grouting construction during the construction phase is difficult to verify and even after the completion of construction, it can be verified only by empirical methods. This study attempted to recreate a realistic simulation result of the middle-pressure jet-grouting method by establishing a computer-aided engineering (CAE) system from the planning/design stage of the ground model and verifying the validity of the construction process after the model was analyzed by the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. The governing parameters for the ground were determined by the MPS simulation of the unconfined compression test. The construction simulation was analyzed and the results were validated by visual confirmation of the related phenomena, such as the soil-improved body formation and mud discharge. To verify the accuracy of the mud discharge phenomenon, three different probe regions were set above the model ground and the amount of mud discharge generated in each region was computed before drawing an overall conclusion of the study. A soil-improvement body of approximately 0.38 m3 was observed to have formed at the end of the study and the highest mud discharge particle number measured, for instance, was 896. This study is expected to serve as a guideline for further studies on simulation-based research