Analysis of the Drying Rate during the Falling Rate Period in the Drying of a Bed of Granular and Powdered Materials

Drying mechanism of a bed of granular and powdered materials during the first falling rate period was analysed. The drying rate curves obtained from the present analysis represent sufficiently the experimental drying rate curves. Drying mechanism during the second falling rate period was analysed from the same considerations. The drying mechanism must be analysed as the phenomena of a simultaneous heat and mass transfer. Drying periods of a bed of non-adsorptive granular and powdered materials are distinguished to constant rate period, first and second falling rate periods from experimental results. The drying mechanism during the second falling rate period was analysed from such consideration in our previous reports. In this report, we will discuss the mechanism for the first falling rate period. The same argument is applied to the second falling rate period also

The Temperature and Moisture Profile of Material by Drying during the Falling Rate Period and the Asymptotic Temperature of the Moist Part

Experimental investigations of drying of bed of granular and powdered materials were performed. Drying rate, moisture profile and temperature profile were measured. The asymptotic temperature of the moist part was defined. The mechanism of drying process during the falling rate period has been analysed from consideration of a simultaneous heat and mass transfer. The equation to calculate the second falling rate was suggested

Temperature Distribution of the Bed during the Second Falling Rate Period of Drying

The temperature distribution of the bed of the granular materials at drying during the second falling rate period was calculated by the analytical solution of the equation of heat conduction. The equation of heat conduction during the second falling rate period became the differential equations with moving boundary. The heat-balance integral method was applied to solve this problem which consists of a variable heat flux at surface. The calculated results by the analytical solution were displayed and compared with the numerical solution and also with the experimental ones

The Liquid Fraction of Moisture Transfer in the Drying Process of a Bed of Granular and Powdered Materials

To investigate the mechanism of the moisture transfer in the drying process of a bed of non-adsorptive granular and powdered materials, the drying experiments of a bed of such materials containing the dilute NaCl solution were performed. The liquid fraction of moisture transfer was defined and calculated from the experimental data. The drying mechanism during the first falling rate period was deduced from these results

Analysis of the Drying Process of Granular and Powdered Materials During the Falling Rate Period

The drying rate curves of granular and powdered materials for various drying methods are shown in Figs. 1～4. It is clear from these figures that the falling drying rate of granular material is proportional to the water content of the material. It is also shown that the temperature gradient can be neglected for the granular material which has a diameter below 2～3mm. According to these facts, we have discussed the relation between the water content and the material temperature during the falling rate period under stationary drying conditions in Chap. I. In Chap. II, we have discussed the relations among water content, material temperature and air temperature under non-stationary conditions which take place in a continuous (parallel- or counter-current flow) dryer. The drying rate and the drying time in the continuous adiabatic dryer can be easily calculated by using these relations. The application of this calculation to the dryer design is discussed in Chap. III

Actinide-boosting r Process in Black Hole-Neutron Star Merger Ejecta

We examine nucleosynthesis in the ejecta of black hole-neutron star mergers based on the results of self-consistent, long-term neutrino-radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulations for the first time. We find that the combination of dynamical and post-merger ejecta reproduces a solar-like r-process pattern. Moreover, the enhancement level of actinides is highly sensitive to the distribution of both electron fraction and the velocity of the dynamical ejecta. Our result implies that the mean electron fraction of dynamical ejecta should be ~ 0.05-0.08 in order to reconcile the nucleosynthetic abundances with those in r-process-enhanced, actinide-boosted stars. This result provides an important constraint for nuclear equations of state.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Central venous pulse pressure analysis using an R-synchronized pressure measurement system

Objective. The information derived from central venous catheters is underused. We developed an EKG-R synchronization and averaging system to obtained distinct CVP waveforms and analyzed components of these. Methods. Twenty-five paralyzed surgical patients undergoing CVP monitoring under mechanical ventilation were studied. CVP and EKG signals were analyzed employing our system, the mean CVP and CVP at end-diastole during expiration were compared, and CVP waveform components were measured using this system. Results. CVP waveforms were clearly visualized in all patients. They showed the a peak to be 1.8+/- 0.7 mmHg, which was the highest of three peaks, and the x trough to be lower than the y trough (-1.6+/- 0.7mmHgand-0.9+/- 0.5mmHg, respectively), with a mean pulse pressure of 3.4mm Hg.The difference between the mean CVP and CVP at end-diastole during expiration was 0.58+/- 0.81 mmHg. Conclusions. The mean CVP can be used as an index of right ventricular preload in patients under mechanical ventilation with regular sinus rhythm. Our newly developed system is useful for clinical monitoring and for education in circulatory physiology

Development of a General-Purpose Categorial Grammar Treebank

National Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsOchanomizu UniversityThe University of TokyoThe University of Toky

Clinical characteristics of elderly depressive patients with low metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake

BACKGROUND: Recently, depression with Lewy body pathology before the appearance of parkinsonism and cognitive dysfunction has been drawing attention. Low cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake is helpful for early differentiation of Lewy body disease (LBD) from late-onset psychiatric disorders even before parkinsonism or dementia appears. In this study, we used MIBG uptake as a tool in suspected LBD, and evaluated the relationship of MIBG results to clinical characteristics and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Fifty-two elderly inpatients with depression were included in this study. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was administered at admission, and 123 I-MIBG cardiac scintigraphy was performed. Of 52 patients, 38 had normal and 14 had reduced MIBG uptake. RESULTS: Correlation analyses of the late phase heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio on the MIBG test and each item of the HDRS revealed that the H/M ratio was significantly correlated with scores of 'agitation', 'anxiety-somatic', and 'retardation' on the HDRS. Mean HDRS composite scores of 'somatic and psychic anxiety (Marcos)' and 'somatic anxiety/somatization factor (Pancheri)' were higher in the low uptake group than in the normal uptake group. CONCLUSION: Elderly patients with depression who manifested an obvious somatic anxiety tend to show low MIBG uptake, and are more likely to have Lewy body pathology

Bilateral Insufficiency Fracture of the Pelvis Following THA: A Case Report

Insufficiency fracture is of the stress fractures and is caused by repetitive stress on fragile bone. Insufficiency fractures of pubic rami are rare occurrences in association with total hip arthroplasty (THA). Postoperative stress fractures occur due to increase of patients activity following years of disability. The physician should consider the possibility of a pelvic insufficiency fracture in patients with RA after THA, if the patients present with groin pain. We demonstrate here the first case of bilateral insufficiency fracture of pubic rami and iliac bone following THA