Effectiveness of concentration enhancement activity on attention and concentration among school age children

Attention is the concentrated direction of the mind, especially to a problem or task. Concentration is the ability to keep one’s attention on a particular object or domain. We use our attention and concentration skills every day, often with little effort and without really noticing them. Attention and concentration cause problems with everything from maths test to social relationships to motivation for learning. In order to function effectively, one needs to be able to concentrate on and pay attention to the task at hand. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of concentration enhancement activity on attention and concentration among school age children. The hypothesis formulated was that there is a significant association between concentration enhancement activity on attention and concentration among school age children. The review of literature included studies which provided a strong foundation for the study including the basis for conceptual framework and formation of tool. The research design used for this study was pre experimental one group pre test post test design. It was carried out with 30 samples those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. A modified attention profile and card game was used to assess the pre test and post test level of attention and concentration. Concentration enhancement activity was conducted for the duration of 30 minutes for six days. The post test was assessed on seventh day by using same tool. The analysis revealed that the pre test level of attention mean score was 29.83 with the standard deviation of 6.73 and the post test level of attention mean score was 18.53 with standard deviation of 5.14. The pre test level of concentration mean score was 21.57 with standard deviation of 4.78 and post test level of concentration mean score was 13.83 with standard deviation of 3.60. The paired‘t’ test value of attention was 9.72 and concentration was 6.71 which showed very high significant at the level of p<0.001. The Karl Pearson correlation coefficient value of r = 0.56 at the level of p<0.01 which showed moderate correlation between post test level of attention and concentration among school age children. Hence it indicates the effectiveness of concentration enhancement activity on attention and concentration among school age children. So the research hypothesis was accepted for the study

Water for all : making SDG 6 a reality

"Water for all" is an important concept embedded in Sustainable Development Goal 6 on Water and Sanitation. However, implementation does not currently target differential access for women and marginalised people. Our authors show what actions are needed to resolve growing tensions around water scarcity and degradation, thus meeting the needs of the poor and vulnerable

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Finite Element Buckling Analysis Of Stiffened Plates

Abstract:-Structures consisting of thin plates stiffened by a system of ribs have found wide application for aircraft, ships, bridges, and buildings as well as in many other branches of contemporary structural engineering. Buckling analysis can be used to find critical compressive loads at which a structure becomes elastically unstable. In this paper, buckling analysis of stiffened plates was carried out using finite element software NISA. The analytical investigations of stiffened plates are rarely found in literature; hence it is found apt to carryout such investigations to provide design recommendations

Water for Food Security, Nutrition and Social Justice

This book is the first comprehensive effort to bring together Water, Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) in a way that goes beyond the traditional focus on irrigated agriculture. Apart from looking at the role of water and sanitation for human well-being, it proposes alternative and more locally appropriate ways to address complex water management and governance challenges from the local to global levels against a backdrop of growing uncertainties