Study of drug prescription pattern and adverse drug reaction monitoring in patients with hypertension and diabetes visiting outpatient department in a government tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India

Background: Drug utilization study is an important tool to study the clinical use of drugs and its impact on healthcare system. DUS in patients with HTN and DM is essential to observe the changing prescribing attitude of physicians with the aim to promote rational use of drugs and to minimize the adverse drug reactions.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on randomly selected patients attending medicine outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital. Drug prescription sheets of 600 patients were studied for 18 months from January 2016 to June 2017 and the prescribing pattern was analysed using the World Health Organization basic drug indicators.Results: Total 2029 drugs were prescribed to 600 patients that belonged to various classes. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.4. Majority (61.5%) drugs were prescribed using generic names. Percentage encounters with the antibiotics and injections were 6.3 and 11.5 per cent respectively. 38% drugs were prescribed from the 20th edition of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. PDD in the current study was found to be significantly less than WHO DDD in all drugs. All of the prescriptions in the present study conformed to WHO guidelines and majority of them with JNC VIII guidelines.Conclusions: The findings of this study are comparable to those of other studies. However, there is a scope of improvement in areas such as overdosing, prescribing more by generic names instead of brand names and from WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

Study of drug prescription pattern in ischemic heart disease patients

Background: Drug utilization pattern studies helps to screen, assess and propose appropriate modifications in prescription practices, this would help to make patient care rational and cost effective. Study was intended to analyse the drug prescribing pattern for treatment of Ischemic heart disease using WHO indicators.Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study conducted on ischemic heart disease patients admitted at inpatient department of medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study consisted of analysis of drug utilization pattern of prescribed drugs.Results: IHD was more commonly seen in males (70.06%) than females (29.94%). IHD was most commonly seen in patients of age group of 61-70 year. Drugs prescribed to patients belong to various therapeutic classes ranging from anti-platelets, anticoagulants, anti-anginal, antithrombin, thrombolytic, hypolipidemics. The most commonly prescribed therapeutic class of drugs was antiplatelet (86.26%) followed by hypolipidemic (82.25%) and ACE inhibitors drugs (46.60%). Average number of drugs per encounter was 7.70. Drugs were prescribed by their generic names were 29.99%. Out of total study group 22.06% patients were prescribed at least one antibiotic. Injections were prescribed only in 1392 (27.86%) out of 4995 drugs. Of total drugs 3270 (65.45%) of drugs were from National List of Essential Medicines-2016 (NLEM -2016) and 2774 (55.53%) drugs prescribed were from WHO-EML-2016.Conclusions: Risk of artery disease increased with increasing age. IHD was more common in males than females. The most commonly prescribed drug classes in Ischemic heart disease were anti-platelet drugs followed by hypolipidemic agents

Study of drug prescription pattern among COPD patients admitted to medicine in-patient department of tertiary care hospital

Background: Drug utilization studies can provide insights into a pattern, quality, determinants and outcomes of drug use. COPD is one of the leading causes of death among Indian population and there is a lack of drug utilization studies in this field.Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted among the patients admitted in inpatient department of medicine ward of Tertiary care hospital. Data has collected from COPD patients admission records. Parameters like demographic profile, common associated diseases, WHO core drug indicators and commonly prescribed drugs were assessed from the prescriptions.Results: A total 284 inpatient records were scrutinized. Out of 284 patients, 66.19% were male and 33.80% were female. Average numbers of drugs per prescription were 7. Mean age was 66.9 years. Antimicrobials (88.7%) were most commonly prescribed drugs followed by inhaled bronchodilators (84.5%).Conclusions: Study data highlights that average numbers of drugs prescribed were higher than WHO norms, antibiotics were commonly used, and drugs prescribed with brand names were higher than the generic names

Perspective Chapter: Dental Home – A Neglected Primary Oral Health Care Concept

Tooth decay, if left untreated even in the earliest stages of life, can have serious implications for a child’s long-term health and well-being. Early preventive care is a sound health and economic investment. Dental assessments and evaluations for children during their first year of life have been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) and the American Association of Pediatrics (ADA). Establishment of dental home and use of anticipatory guidance is one of the concepts in comprehensive oral health care. AAPD and ADA support the concept of a “dental home,” which is the ongoing relationship between the dentist and the patient. Establishing a dental home means that a child’s oral health care is managed in a comprehensive, continuously accessible, coordinated, and family-centered way by a licensed dentist. The dental professional’s ability to provide optimal oral health care, beginning from when the child is 1-year-old, dental visit leading to preventive care and treatment as part of an overall oral health care foundation for life, is enhanced by dental home. The establishment of the dental home also assures appropriate referral to dental specialists when availability of direct care is not possible within the dental home

Securing AI-based Healthcare Systems using Blockchain Technology: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions

Healthcare systems are increasingly incorporating Artificial Intelligence into their systems, but it is not a solution for all difficulties. AI's extraordinary potential is being held back by challenges such as a lack of medical datasets for training AI models, adversarial attacks, and a lack of trust due to its black box working style. We explored how blockchain technology can improve the reliability and trustworthiness of AI-based healthcare. This paper has conducted a Systematic Literature Review to explore the state-of-the-art research studies conducted in healthcare applications developed with different AI techniques and Blockchain Technology. This systematic literature review proceeds with three different paths as natural language processing-based healthcare systems, computer vision-based healthcare systems and acoustic AI-based healthcare systems. We found that 1) Defence techniques for adversarial attacks on AI are available for specific kind of attacks and even adversarial training is AI based technique which in further prone to different attacks. 2) Blockchain can address security and privacy issues in healthcare fraternity. 3) Medical data verification and user provenance can be enabled with Blockchain. 4) Blockchain can protect distributed learning on heterogeneous medical data. 5) The issues like single point of failure, non-transparency in healthcare systems can be resolved with Blockchain. Nevertheless, it has been identified that research is at the initial stage. As a result, we have synthesized a conceptual framework using Blockchain Technology for AI-based healthcare applications that considers the needs of each NLP, Computer Vision, and Acoustic AI application. A global solution for all sort of adversarial attacks on AI based healthcare. However, this technique has significant limits and challenges that need to be addressed in future studies.Comment: 44 Page

Blockchain for securing AI applications and open innovations

Nowadays, open innovations such as intelligent automation and digitalization are being adopted by every industry with the help of powerful technology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI). This evolution drives systematic running processes, involves less overhead of managerial activities and increased production rate. However, it also gave birth to different kinds of attacks and security issues at the data storage level and process level. The real-life implementation of such AI-enabled intelligent systems is currently plagued by the lack of security and trust levels in system predictions. Blockchain is a prevailing technology that can help to alleviate the security risks of AI applications. These two technologies are complementing each other as Blockchain can mitigate vulnerabilities in AI, and AI can improve the performance of Blockchain. Many studies are currently being conducted on the applicability of Blockchains for securing intelligent applications in various crucial domains such as healthcare, finance, energy, government, and defense. However, this domain lacks a systematic study that can offer an overarching view of research activities currently going on in applying Blockchains for securing AI-based systems and improving their robustness. This paper presents a bibliometric and literature analysis of how Blockchain provides a security blanket to AI-based systems. Two well-known research databases (Scopus and Web of Science) have been examined for this analytical study and review. The research uncovered that idea proposals in conferences and some articles published in journals make a major contribution. However, there is still a lot of research work to be done to implement real and stable Blockchain-based AI systems

Abstracts of Scientifica 2022

This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at Scientifica 2022, Organized by the Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, India, held on 12–13 March 2022. This conference helps bring researchers together across the globe on one platform to help benefit the young researchers. There were six invited talks from different fields of Physiotherapy and seven panel discussions including over thirty speakers across the globe which made the conference interesting due to the diversity of topics covered during the conference. Conference Title:  Scientifica 2022Conference Date: 12–13 March 2022Conference Location: Sancheti Institute College of PhysiotherapyConference Organizer: Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, Indi