Scenario-Driven Crisis Management Planning: Efforts of the Tokai Netherlands Storm Surge and Flood Prone Area Committee

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

A Case of 48, XYY, +21

A 3 month-old boy with a karyotype of 48, XYY, + 21 is reported. The patient had the typical features of Down syndrome and normal male genitalia. Analysis of Q- and R-banded chromosome heteromorphisms of the patient and the parents showed that two of the three chromosomes 21 in the patient originated as a result of failure of the paternal second meiotic division. Therefore both additional chromosomes in the patient resulted from nondisjunction at paternal meiosis II

Effective nonlocal kernels on Reaction-diffusion networks

A new method to derive an essential integral kernel from any given reaction-diffusion network is proposed. Any network describing metabolites or signals with arbitrary many factors can be reduced to a single or a simpler system of integro-differential equations called "effective equation" including the reduced integral kernel (called "effective kernel" ) in the convolution type. As one typical example, the Mexican hat shaped kernel is theoretically derived from two component activator-inhibitor systems. It is also shown that a three component system with quite different appearance from activator-inhibitor systems is reduced to an effective equation with the Mexican hat shaped kernel. It means that the two different systems have essentially the same effective equations and that they exhibit essentially the same spatial and temporal patterns. Thus, we can identify two different systems with the understanding in unified concept through the reduced effective kernels. Other two applications of this method are also given: Applications to pigment patterns on skins (two factors network with long range interaction) and waves of differentiation (called proneural waves) in visual systems on brains (four factors network with long range interaction). In the applications, we observe the reproduction of the same spatial and temporal patterns as those appearing in pre-existing models through the numerical simulations of the effective equations

Phonon-assisted indirect transitions in angle-resolved photoemission spectra of graphite and graphene

Indirect transitions of electrons in graphene and graphite are investigated by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) with several different incident photon energies and light polarizations. The theoretical calculations of the indirect transition for graphene and for a single crystal of graphite are compared with the experimental measurements for highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite and a single crystal of graphite. The dispersion relations for the transverse optical (TO) and the out-of-plane longitudinal acoustic (ZA) phonon modes of graphite and the TO phonon mode of graphene can be extracted from the inelastic ARPES intensity. We find that the TO phonon mode for k points along the Γ-K and K-M-K′ directions in the Brillouin zone can be observed in the ARPES spectra of graphite and graphene by using a photon energy ≈11.1 eV. The relevant mechanism in the ARPES process for this case is the resonant indirect transition. On the other hand, the ZA phonon mode of graphite can be observed by using a photon energy ≈6.3 eV through a nonresonant indirect transition, while the ZA phonon mode of graphene within the same mechanism should not be observed.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant No. DMR- 1507806

Lithium production on a low-mass secondary in a black hole soft X-ray transient

We examine production of Li on the surface of a low-mass secondary in a black hole soft X-ray transient (BHSXT) through the spallation of CNO nuclei by neutrons which are ejected from a hot (> 10 MeV) advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) around the black hole. Using updated binary parameters, cross sections of neutron-induced spallation reactions, and mass accretion rates in ADAF derived from the spectrum fitting of multi-wavelength observations of quiescent BHSXTs, we obtain the equilibrium abundances of Li by equating the production rate of Li and the mass transfer rate through accretion to the black hole. The resulting abundances are found to be in good agreement with the observed values in seven BHSXTs. We note that the abundances vary in a timescale longer than a few months in our model. Moreover, the isotopic ratio Li6/Li7 is calculated to be about 0.7--0.8 on the secondaries, which is much higher than the ratio measured in meteorites. Detection of such a high value is favorable to the production of Li via spallation and the existence of a hot accretion flow, rather than an accretion disk corona system in quiescent BHSXT.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, and 2 tables, submitted to Astrophyscal Jounal Letter

Effect of Interannual Application of Cattle Manure Compost on Yield and Quality of Herbage and Soil Chemical Condition in a Temperate Grass Meadow

Poster Sessio

Ion desorption from molecules condensed at low temperature: A study with electron-ion coincidence spectroscopy combined with synchrotron radiation

This article reviews our recent work on photo-stimulated ion desorption (PSID) from molecules condensed at low temperature. We have used electron-ion coincidence (EICO) spectroscopy combined with synchrotron radiation. The history and present status of the EICO apparatus is described, as well as our recent investigations of condensed H₂O, NH₃, CH₃CN, and CF₃CH₃. Auger electron photoion coincidence (AEPICO) spectra of condensed H₂O at the O:1s ionization showed that H⁺ desorption was stimulated by O:KVV Auger processes leading to two - hole states (normal- Auger stimulated ion desorption (ASID) mechanism). The driving forces for H⁺ desorption were attributed to the electron missing in the O - H bonding orbitals and the effective hole-hole Coulomb repulsion. The normal ASID mechanism was also demonstrated for condensed NH₃. The H⁺ desorption at the 4a₁ ← O(N):1s resonance of both condensed H₂O and condensed NH₃ was found to be greatly enhanced. Based on the AEPICO spectra the following four-step mechanism was proposed: (1) the 4a₁ ← 1s transition, (2) extension of the HO - H (H₂N - H) distance within the lifetime of the (1s)⁻¹(4a1)¹ state, (3) spectator Auger transitions leading to (valence)⁻²(4a₁)¹ states, and (4) H⁺ desorption. The enhancement of the H⁺ desorption yield was attributed to the repulsive potential surface of the (1s) - 1(4a₁)¹ state. At the 3p ← O:1s resonance of condensed H₂O, on the other hand, the H⁺ yield was found to be decreased. The AEPICO spectra showed that the H⁺ desorption was stimulated by spectator Auger transitions leading to (valence)⁻²(3p)¹ states. The decrease in the H⁺ yield was attributed to a reduction in the effective hole-hole Coulomb repulsion due to shielding by the 3p electron. Photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectra of condensed H₂O showed that the core level of the surface H₂O responsible for the H⁺ desorption was shifted by 0.7 eV from that of the bulk H₂O. The H⁺ desorption from condensed CH₃CN was also investigated. In a study of condensed CF₃CH₃ using PEPICO spectroscopy, site-specific ion desorption was directly verified; that is, H⁺ and CH₃⁺ desorption was predominant for the C:1s photoionization at the -CH₃ site, while C₂Hn⁺, CFCHm⁺, and CF₃⁺ desorption was predominantly induced by the C:1s photoionization at the -CF₃ site. These investigations demonstrate that EICO spectroscopy combined with synchrotron radiation is a powerful tool for studying PSID of molecules condensed at low temperature