Asymptotic behavior of solutions to Schrödinger equations with a subcritical dissipative nonlinearity

AbstractWe study the asymptotic behavior in time of solutions to the initial value problem of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a subcritical dissipative nonlinearity λ|u|p−1u, where 1<p<1+2/n, n is the space dimension and λ is a complex constant satisfying Imλ<0. We show the time decay estimates and the large-time asymptotics of the solution, when the space dimension n⩽3, p is sufficiently close to 1+2/n and the initial data is sufficiently small

High-resolution multislice X-ray ptychography of extended thick objects

We report the first demonstration of hard x-ray ptychography using a multislice approach, which can solve the problem of the limited spatial resolution under the projection approximation. We measured ptychographic diffraction patterns of a two-layered object with a 105 μm gap using 7 keV focused coherent x rays. We successfully reconstructed the phase map of each layer at ∼50 nm resolution using a multislice approach, while the resolution was worse than ∼192 nm under the projection approximation. The present method has the potential to enable the three-dimensional high-resolution observation of extended thick specimens in materials science and biology.Akihiro Suzuki, Shin Furutaku, Kei Shimomura, Kazuto Yamauchi, Yoshiki Kohmura, Tetsuya Ishikawa, and Yukio Takahashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 053903, 2014

A Study on Effective Support of Pre-Service Teachers in Practice Teaching : Focused on Students’ Mathematical Activity in Mathematics Lesson

本研究は，教育実習生の現状を調査し分析することを通して，教育実習における効果的な指導のための知見を得ることを目的としている。教育実習生に対して数学的活動の認識に関するアンケート調査を行い，提出された学習指導案とともに分析することによって，教育実習生が授業を構成する際の困難性について，特に数学的活動の位置付けに焦点を当てて考察を行った。数学学習における数学的活動の意義や現代の社会において求められる教員養成の役割に照らしてみるとき，教育実習においては次のような指導が効果的であることが示唆された。 　①授業の中で位置づけることが可能な数学的活動のタイプを特定させること 　②数学的活動との関わりで学習者の反応を捉えさせること 　③授業の中の情報共有の場面に意味を持たせること 　④教育実習生同士での議論を活性化させることThis study aims to provide suggestions about effective support in practice teaching by analyzing a survey of pre-service teachers. We discussed their difficulties in planning a mathematics lesson from the perspective of the construction of mathematical activities. We surveyed their conception of mathematical activities and analyzed their lesson plans. The results imply effective support is required in practice teaching as below: 1) Specifying possible mathematical activities in mathematics lessons 2) Understanding students’ reactions by referring them to mathematical activities 3) Making some situations of information-sharing meaningful in mathematics lessons 4) Activating the arguments among pre-service teacher

A Study on Effective Support of Pre-service Teachers in Practice Teaching(2): Through the Analysis of Small-group Learning in Pre-service Teachers’ Mathematics Lessons

本研究の目的は，教育実習生の認識に関する調査や実践される授業の分析を通して，効果的な実習指導に向けた示唆を得ることである。アンケートによる調査や学習指導案の分析によって，教育実習生が授業の中に小集団学習を取り入れる際の困難性が示された。また，小集団学習に関する利点やそれを実施する際の留意点に関して，教育実習生が多くの視点を持ち合わせている一方で，高等学校における小集団学習を取り入れた授業の経験が少ないことも明らかとなった。これらのことから，実習指導においては次のような点に重点を置いた支援が重要であると考えられる； 1) 小集団学習を位置づける目的を明確にし，個人の思考の場面も適切に確保すること 2) 小集団学習での目標を生徒に明確に示すこと 3) 小集団学習と個人あるいはクラス全体での学習との関連性を把握すること 4) 小集団学習と学習評価との関わりに注意を払うことThis study aims to highlight the implications of effective support in practice teaching by analyzing a survey administered to pre-service teachers. Through the analysis of teaching plans and questionnaire surveys, we identify the difficulties that occur when trainee teachers set up small-group learning in their lessons. From the questionnaires, we found that trainee teachers have many opinions about the advantages or disadvantages of such lessons, although they had little experience of small-group learning from their time at high school. The results of the analysis suggest that the following points are important when we instruct trainee teachers: 1) Clarify both the purpose of small-group learning and how to conduct individual learning; 2) Show students the aim of small-group learning; 3) Ensure trainee teachers review small-group learning for relating it to whole or individual learning; and 4) Ensure trainee teachers pay attention to the relationship between small-group learning and learning evaluations

Risk of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism Among Pregnant Women

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a critical complication after surgery. Although pregnancy is a known risk factor of VTE, available data on the risk of postoperative VTE are scarce. Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between 2006 and 2012, we matched 2,582 pregnant women to 103,640 nonpregnant women based on age, race, body mass index, and modified Rogers score. Pregnant women, compared with matched nonpregnant women, experienced higher incidence of VTE (0.5% vs 0.3%; odds ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.37, p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.02). Pregnant women also showed higher risk of pneumonia, ventilator dependence ≥48&nbsp;hours, bleeding, and sepsis than did the counterparts. In conclusion, pregnancy was associated with higher risk of VTE after surgery as well as other postoperative complications. The absolute risk difference was small, and careful evaluation against the potential risk and benefit should be given when surgical treatment is considered among pregnant women

CCN3 and bone marrow cells

CCN3 expression was observed in a broad variety of tissues from the early stage of development. However, a kind of loss of function in mice (CCN3 del VWC domain -/-) demonstrated mild abnormality, which indicates that CCN3 may not be critical for the normal embryogenesis as a single gene. The importance of CCN3 in bone marrow environment becomes to be recognized by the studies of hematopoietic stem cells and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cells. CCN3 expression in bone marrow has been denied by several investigations, but we found CCN3 positive stromal and hematopoietic cells at bone extremities with a new antibody although they are a very few populations. We investigated the expression pattern of CCN3 in the cultured bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and found its preference for osteogenic differentiation. From the analyses of in vitro experiment using an osteogenic mesenchymal stem cell line, Kusa-A1, we found that CCN3 downregulates osteogenesis by two different pathways; suppression of BMP and stimulation of Notch. Secreted CCN3 from Kusa cells inhibited the differentiation of osteoblasts in separate culture, which indicates the paracrine manner of CCN3 activity. CCN3 may also affect the extracellular environment of the niche for hematopoietic stem cells