17,473 research outputs found
Magnetic Flux Loss and Flux Transport in a Decaying Active Region
We estimate the temporal change of magnetic flux perpendicular to the solar
surface in a decaying active region by using a time series of the spatial
distribution of vector magnetic fields in the photosphere. The vector magnetic
fields are derived from full spectropolarimetric measurements with the Solar
Optical Telescope aboard Hinode. We compare a magnetic flux loss rate to a flux
transport rate in a decaying sunspot and its surrounding moat region. The
amount of magnetic flux that decreases in the sunspot and moat region is very
similar to magnetic flux transported to the outer boundary of the moat region.
The flux loss rates [] of magnetic elements with positive and
negative polarities are balanced each other around the outer boundary of the
moat region. These results suggest that most of the magnetic flux in the
sunspot is transported to the outer boundary of the moat region as moving
magnetic features, and then removed from the photosphere by flux cancellation
around the outer boundary of the moat region.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap
Analytical modeling of intumescent coating thermal protection system in a JP-5 fuel fire environment
The thermochemical response of Coating 313 when exposed to a fuel fire environment was studied to provide a tool for predicting the reaction time. The existing Aerotherm Charring Material Thermal Response and Ablation (CMA) computer program was modified to treat swelling materials. The modified code is now designated Aerotherm Transient Response of Intumescing Materials (TRIM) code. In addition, thermophysical property data for Coating 313 were analyzed and reduced for use in the TRIM code. An input data sensitivity study was performed, and performance tests of Coating 313/steel substrate models were carried out. The end product is a reliable computational model, the TRIM code, which was thoroughly validated for Coating 313. The tasks reported include: generation of input data, development of swell model and implementation in TRIM code, sensitivity study, acquisition of experimental data, comparisons of predictions with data, and predictions with intermediate insulation
High-K Precession modes: Axially symmetric limit of wobbling motion
The rotational band built on the high-K multi-quasiparticle state can be
interpreted as a multi-phonon band of the precession mode, which represents the
precessional rotation about the axis perpendicular to the direction of the
intrinsic angular momentum. By using the axially symmetric limit of the
random-phase-approximation (RPA) formalism developed for the nuclear wobbling
motion, we study the properties of the precession modes in W; the
excitation energies, B(E2) and B(M1) values. We show that the excitations of
such a specific type of rotation can be well described by the RPA formalism,
which gives a new insight to understand the wobbling motion in the triaxial
superdeformed nuclei from a microscopic view point.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures (Spelling of the authors name was wrong at the
first upload, so it is corrected
Generalized Phase Rules
For a multi-component system, general formulas are derived for the dimension
of a coexisting region in the phase diagram in various state spaces.Comment: In the revised manuscript, physical meanings of D's are explained by
adding three figures. 10 pages, 3 figure
Detection of Macroscopic Entanglement by Correlation of Local Observables
We propose a correlation of local observables on many sites in macroscopic
quantum systems. By measuring the correlation one can detect, if any,
superposition of macroscopically distinct states, which we call macroscopic
entanglement, in arbitrary quantum states that are (effectively) homogeneous.
Using this property, we also propose an index of macroscopic entanglement.Comment: Although the index q was proposed for mixed states, it is also
applicable to pure states, on which we fix minor bugs (that will be reported
in PRL as erratum). The conclusions of the paper remain unchanged. (4 pages,
no figures.
Macroscopic entanglement of many-magnon states
We study macroscopic entanglement of various pure states of a one-dimensional
N-spin system with N>>1. Here, a quantum state is said to be macroscopically
entangled if it is a superposition of macroscopically distinct states. To judge
whether such superposition is hidden in a general state, we use an essentially
unique index p: A pure state is macroscopically entangled if p=2, whereas it
may be entangled but not macroscopically if p<2. This index is directly related
to the stability of the state. We calculate the index p for various states in
which magnons are excited with various densities and wavenumbers. We find
macroscopically entangled states (p=2) as well as states with p=1. The former
states are unstable in the sense that they are unstable against some local
measurements. On the other hand, the latter states are stable in the senses
that they are stable against local measurements and that their decoherence
rates never exceed O(N) in any weak classical noises. For comparison, we also
calculate the von Neumann entropy S(N) of a subsystem composed of N/2 spins as
a measure of bipartite entanglement. We find that S(N) of some states with p=1
is of the same order of magnitude as the maximum value N/2. On the other hand,
S(N) of the macroscopically entangled states with p=2 is as small as O(log N)<<
N/2. Therefore, larger S(N) does not mean more instability. We also point out
that these results are analogous to those for interacting many bosons.
Furthermore, the origin of the huge entanglement, as measured either by p or
S(N), is discussed to be due to the spatial propagation of magnons.Comment: 30 pages, 5 figures. The manuscript has been shortened and typos have
been fixed. Data points of figures have been made larger in order to make
them clearly visibl
CCS from industrial sources
The literature concerning the application of CCS to industry is reviewed. Costs are presented for different sectors including ``high purity'' (processes which inherently produce a high concentration of CO2), cement, iron and steel, refinery and biomass. The application of CCS to industry is a field which has had much less attention than its application to the electricity production sector. Costs range from less than 2011 100/tCO 2 . In the words of a synthesis report from the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) ``This area has so far not been the focus of discussions and therefore much attention needs to be paid to the application of CCS to industrial sources if the full potential of CCS is to be unlocked''
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