女性投てき選手の筋厚と筋力

本研究では, 女性投てき選手を対象に筋厚と等尺性最大随意筋力の測定を行い, 筋厚と筋力の左右差および筋厚と筋力の関係について検討した。筋厚は超音波Bモード法で測定した。測定部位は, 左右側の前腕屈筋群, 上腕の屈筋群と伸筋群, 大胸筋, 腹直筋, 背筋, 大腿の伸筋群と屈筋群, 前脛骨筋および足底筋群 (腓腹筋とヒラメ筋) であった。等尺性最大随意筋力は, 両側の上腕屈曲力と伸展力および大腿の屈曲力と伸展力であった。本研究から次のような結果が得られた。1) 筋厚においては, 上腕屈筋群及び大胸筋において5%水準で有意に右側 (利き側) の値が大きかった。その他の部位においては右側の方が左側に比べて大きな値を示したが, 有意な左右差はみられなかった。2) いずれの筋力についても, 統計的に有意な左右差は認められなかった。3) 筋厚と筋力の相関についてみたところ, 上腕屈筋群と上腕屈曲力の間には両側とも5%水準で有意な相関がみられた。また, 右側の大腿伸筋群と大腿伸展力の間においても1%水準で有意な相関関係が認められた。その他の筋厚と筋力の間には有意な関係はみられなかった。以上の結果より, 本研究の被験者の女性投てき選手の筋厚の傾向は, 右側 (利き側) が左側よりもより大きな値を示した。日常的に実施されているウエイトトレーニングは両側を使っているが, これ以外に日々の練習ではおもに利き手, 利き足側を有意に使用しているために筋厚に左右差が生じたものと考えられる。しかし, 筋力には左右差が認められなかった。この原因として, 利き手利き足側の筋厚は厚いにもかかわらず運動単位の強さや頻度が小さかったことが考えられる。In this study, muscle thickness and strength were measured in thirteen female throwers aged between 18 and 22 years old. The muscle thickness was measured by using B-scan ultrasound equipment. Measurement muscle groups were as follows : anterior forearm m., biceps m. of arm, triceps m. of arm, greater pectoral m., rectus m. of abdomen, erecter m. of spine, quadriceps m. of thigh, biceps m. of thigh, anterior tibial m. and triceps of calf on both sides. Maximum voluntary contractions were measured for upper arm contraction strength and upper arm extension strength, and for thigh contraction strength and thigh extension strength on both sides. In this study, the following results were obtained : 1) Muscle thickness of the right side (dominant side) was significantly greater than that of the other side in biceps and chest (p < 0.05). In other muscle groups, however, no significant difference was observed between right and left sides. 2) In all muscle groups, similar maximal strength was obtained from both sides. 3) A significant correlation of muscle thickness and muscle was observed between right quadriceps and right thigh extension strength (p < 0.01), and between upper arm contraction strength (p < 0.05), respectively

Relationship Between the Number of Repetitions and Selected Percentages of One Repetition Maximum in Free Weight Exercises in Trained and Untrained Men

Resistance exercise intensity is commonly prescribed as a percent of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). However, the relationship between percent 1RM and the number of repetitions allowed remains poorly studied, especially using free weight exercises. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximal number of repetitions that trained (T) and untrained (UT) men can perform during free weight exercises at various percentages of 1RM. Eight T and 8 UT men were tested for 1RM strength. Then, subjects performed 1 set to failure at 60, 80, and 90% of 1RM in the back squat, bench press, and arm curl in a randomized, balanced design. There was a significant (p \u3c 0.05) intensity x exercise interaction. More repetitions were performed during the back squat than the bench press or arm curl at 60%, 1RM for T and UT. At 80 and 90% 1RM. there were significant differences between the back squat and other exercises; however, differences were much less pronounced. No differences in number of repetitions performed at a given exercise intensity were noted between T and UT (except during bench press at 90% 1RM). In conclusion, the number of repetitions performed at a given percent of 1RM is influenced by the amount of muscle mass used during the exercise, as more repetitions can be performed during the back squat than either the bench press or arm curl. Training status of the individual has a minimal impact on the number of repetitions performed at relative exercise intensity

Spasmes du sphincter d'Oddi provoqués par les opiacés (à propos de 15 cas)

DIJON-BU Médecine Pharmacie (212312103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to &lt; 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of &amp; GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P &lt; 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo