TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT SYNDROME

The article reviews modern approaches in complex treatment of patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Authors present their experience with the patients who arrived in planned and emergency order, the criteria of choice of the strategy of surgical treatment of diabetic foot syndrome. Direct and remote results of introduced scheme are studied and. its advantages and. disadvantages are revealed

Русский Север в исторической динамике: разрушение проекта культурной кладовой русского народа и современный кризис этнического национализма

На основе исторических, социологических, этнографических и демографических данных рассма-триваются культурные и этнополитические процессы, происходившие на Европейском/Русском Севере на протяжении длительного исторического периода. Показано, что многовековой процесс колонизации Русского Севера привел к формированию единой историко-культурной провинции, которая в советские годы была разделена на отдельные национально-государственные анклавы, но этнокультурные изменения последних десятилетий фактически реконструировали прежний культурный ландшафт региона, что создает культурную и идейную основу для региональной интеграции

Clinical Experience of Luminescent Diagnostics of Precancerous Diseases and Cervical Cancer

The article summarizes the experience of using luminescent diagnostics with the use of ytterbium porphyrin complexes in gynecology and oncology. A pharmaceutical composition based on the Yb complex of 2,4-dimethoxyhematoporphyrin IX was used as the luminescent markers within the infrared range. The determination of luminescence characteristics (luminescence intensity) was carried out using a laserfiber fluorimeter in the range of 900-1100 nm. A new method for diagnosis of cervical disease has been proposed. The method of luminescent diagnostics allows to conduct a survey of a large number of patients in a short time. The method of luminescent diagnostics using the ytterbium complexes of porphyrins is not invasive. The method can be used as a screening. Differences between normal and pathologically altered cervical tissue have been identified and differences between pathological changes in the cervix HSIL (CIN II, CIN III) and cervical cancer are reliable. Keywords: Cervical cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, diagnosis of cervical cancer, squamous intraepithelial lesions of high grade – HSIL, luminescent diagnostics, luminescing in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region, porphyrins, ytterbium complexes of porphyrins

Nonlinear electrochemical relaxation around conductors

We analyze the simplest problem of electrochemical relaxation in more than one dimension - the response of an uncharged, ideally polarizable metallic sphere (or cylinder) in a symmetric, binary electrolyte to a uniform electric field. In order to go beyond the circuit approximation for thin double layers, our analysis is based on the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations of dilute solution theory. Unlike most previous studies, however, we focus on the nonlinear regime, where the applied voltage across the conductor is larger than the thermal voltage. In such strong electric fields, the classical model predicts that the double layer adsorbs enough ions to produce bulk concentration gradients and surface conduction. Our analysis begins with a general derivation of surface conservation laws in the thin double-layer limit, which provide effective boundary conditions on the quasi-neutral bulk. We solve the resulting nonlinear partial differential equations numerically for strong fields and also perform a time-dependent asymptotic analysis for weaker fields, where bulk diffusion and surface conduction arise as first-order corrections. We also derive various dimensionless parameters comparing surface to bulk transport processes, which generalize the Bikerman-Dukhin number. Our results have basic relevance for double-layer charging dynamics and nonlinear electrokinetics in the ubiquitous PNP approximation.Comment: 25 pages, 17 figures, 4 table

Single and molecular ion irradiation-induced effects in GaN : experiment and cumulative MD simulations

An investigation of mechanisms of enhancement of irradiation-induced damage formation in GaN under molecular in comparison to monatomic ion bombardment is presented. Ion-implantation-induced effects in wurtzite GaN bombarded with 0.6 keV amu(-1) F, P, PF2, PF4, and Ag ions at room temperature are studied experimentally and by cumulative MD simulation in the correct irradiation conditions. In the low dose regime, damage formation is correlated with a reduction in photoluminescence decay time, whereas in the high dose regime, it is associated with the thickness of the amorphous/disordered layer formed at the sample surface. In all the cases studied, a shift to molecular ion irradiation from bombardment by its monatomic constituents enhances the damage accumulation rate. Implantation of a heavy Ag ion, having approximately the same mass as the PF4 molecule, is less effective in surface damage formation, but leads to noticeably higher damage accumulation in the bulk. The cumulative MD simulations do not reveal any significant difference in the total amount of both point defects and small defect clusters produced by light monatomic and molecular ions. On the other hand, increased production of large defect clusters by molecular PF4 ions is clearly seen in the vicinity of the surface. Ag ions produce almost the same number of small, but more large defect clusters compared to the others. These findings show that the higher probability of formation of large defect clusters is important mechanism of the enhancement of stable damage formation in GaN under molecular, as well as under heavy monatomic ion irradiation.Peer reviewe

Increasing the efficiency of investments on survey of abundant land for their return to agricultural us

The "“State program for the effective involvement of abundant agricultural land in the use and the development of the reclamation complex of the Russian Federation” for 2021–2030" assumes the return of 12 million hectares out of 44 million hectares of all abandoned agricultural land (AAL) in the Russian Federation. The costs of 12 million hectares survey can be considered productive, while the costs of surveying the remaining 32 million hectares should be considered unproductive. The application of the new geoinformation database of “Soils of agricultural lands of the Russian Federation” (DB SALRU) developed by the Federal Research Centre “V.V Dokuchaev Soil Sience Institute” allows reduction of unproductive costs. By the example of the Vladimir region, a typical Russian region with AAL, the option of ranking AAL by their quality was demonstrated to determine the order of their return to agricultural use. The soil quality criteria are the bonitet and the normative yield of grain crops, which are part of the DB SALRU. It is proposed to consider the expenditures on the survey of AAL for the soils, which are first to be returned to agricultural use, as productive costs. These soils occupy 25% of the AAL of the region. The best quality soils are characterized by more than 40 points of bonitet and the standard yield of grain crops of more than 20 centners/ha. The cost of surveying the lands of the first order of returning to agricultural use is 10 million 80 thousand rubles. Survey of AAL soils of II–IV orders of involvement in agricultural use, with relatively poor quality compared to the soils of the first order, is proposed to be conducted in the case of expansion of the State program in the future. This would save the unproductive expenses for the survey of AAL for the Vladimir region by 30 million 165.5 thousand rubles. The application of the proposed GIS-approach makes it possible to reduce unproductive expenses for the survey of AAL in the Russian Federation nearly by 5.600 million rubles

Морфология и экологические особенности Sparganium × longifolium (Typhaceae) в центре Европейской части России

The increasing impact of anthropogenic factors and climate change affect the growth of a number of taxa of hybrid nature. These taxa are widespread among various taxonomic groups of aquatic and semi-aquatic plants. The genus Sparganium L. В is not an exception. In that regard, the aim of this study is to conduct biomorphological investigation of Sparganium × longifolium Turcz. ex Ledeb., evaluate qualitative and quantitative criteria for the hybrid similarities and differences with its parental species, as well as to analyze data on its habitat characteristics. Samples were collected in 2014–2016 from waterbodies in European Russia (Tver and Yaroslavl oblasts). In the study on biomorphology of S. × longifolium we used live and fixed materials, as well as herbarium funds of IBIW, MXA and MW. To establish and specify taxonomic features of the hybrid under study, indicating to its similarity with a certain ancestral species, our data on the morphology and ecology of S. emersum Rehm. and S. gramineum Georgi. are used. During field studies, the type of water object where the hybrid was detected, ecological characteristics of its habitat (type of soil, depth, water temperature and pH) are determined; the list of taxa which enter into the cenosis composition is compiled. The biomorphological investigation of S. × longifolium shows that by life form this hybrid, as well as its parental species, is a vegetative-mobile evidently-polycentric annual or biennial plant of vegetative origin with a racemose root system. The following should be attributed to the characteristic features justifying the hybrid origin of S. × longifolium: 1) a wider, slightly carinated lamina (as in S. emersum); 2) a branched inflorescence (as in S. gramineum); 3) the lower covering leaf of inflorescence, often exceeding the total length of the latter; 4) fruits with a straight (as in S. emersum) as well as bent (as in S. gramineum) style. Interestingly, some populations of S. × longifolium are rich in terate forms that can be explained by back crossing with one of the parental species or pleiotropic mutation(s). It is established that S. × longifolium is not widespread in European Russia, is a typically freshwater species, occurring in the littoral zone of mesotrophic and dystrophic waterbodies (usually in lakes of glacier origin). At present, its appearance in lake ecosystems is due to accelerated eutrophication caused by increasing human activities. Perhaps earlier this hybrid formation occurred in peripheral zones of the range of S. gramineum under cyclic climate changes. Observations suggest that S. × longifolium exceeds S. gramineum in ecological potential. At the same time, habitat features of the latter have an effect on the hybrid’s distribution potential (limitation of habitat spectrum), which is hardly exceeds S. emersum in its ecological and coenotic characteristics. 154   На основе современных подходов к анализу жизненных форм рассмотрена морфология вегетативной и генеративной сферы Sparangium × longifolium Turcz. ex Ledeb. (S. emersum Rehm. × S. gramineum Georgi). По жизненной форме S. × longifolium, как и его родительские виды, представляет собой вегетативно-подвижный явнополицентрический малолетник вегетативного происхождения с кистевидной корневой системой. В работе установлен промежуточный характер конкретных признаков гибрида, либо смещение того или иного признака в сторону одного из родительских видов. К характерным особенностям, подтверждающим гибридное происхождение S. × longifolium, следует отнести: 1) наличие более широкой, слегка килеватой листовой пластинки (как у S. emersum); 2) наличие разветвленного соцветия (как у S. gramineum); 3) нижний кроющий лист соцветия, часто превышающий общую длину последнего; 4) наличие плодов как с прямым (как у S. emersum), так и с загнутым (как у S. gramineum) столбиком. Отдельные популяции S. × longifolium изобилуют тератными формами, которые могут быть объяснены наличием возвратного скрещивания, либо мутации(й) с плейотропным проявлением. Анализ пыльцы гибрида на жизнеспособность показал преобладание стерильной пыльцы над фертильной. Установлено, что S. × longifolium – малораспространенный на территории Европейской части России – типично пресноводный вид, встречающийся в прибрежной зоне мезотрофных и дистрофных водных объектов (обычно в озерах ледникового происхождения). Появление популяций гибрида в озерах обусловлено их стремительной эвтрофикацией в результате антропогенной деятельности. Ранее образование этого гибрида, вероятно, происходило в периферийных частях ареала S. gramineum при циклических изменениях климата. Вместе с тем, особенности местообитания последнего накладывают «отпечаток» на потенциал распространения гибрида (ограниченность спектра местообитаний), который вряд ли может превзойти по своим эколого-ценотическим характеристикам S. emersum.&nbsp

High frequency magnetic oscillations of the organic metal θ\theta-(ET)4_4ZnBr4_4(C6_6H4_4Cl2_2) in pulsed magnetic field of up to 81 T

De Haas-van Alphen oscillations of the organic metal $\theta$-(ET)$_4$ZnBr$_4$(C$_6$H$_4$Cl$_2$) are studied in pulsed magnetic fields up to 81 T. The long decay time of the pulse allows determining reliable field-dependent amplitudes of Fourier components with frequencies up to several kiloteslas. The Fourier spectrum is in agreement with the model of a linear chain of coupled orbits. In this model, all the observed frequencies are linear combinations of the frequency linked to the basic orbit $\alpha$ and to the magnetic-breakdown orbit $\beta$.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Limitations on the superposition principle: superselection rules in non-relativistic quantum mechanics

The superposition principle is a very basic ingredient of quantum theory. What may come as a surprise to many students, and even to many practitioners of the quantum craft, is tha superposition has limitations imposed by certain requirements of the theory. The discussion of such limitations arising from the so-called superselection rules is the main purpose of this paper. Some of their principal consequences are also discussed. The univalence, mass and particle number superselection rules of non-relativistic quantum mechanics are also derived using rather simple methods.Comment: 22 pages, no figure