Применение магнитных сорбентов, модифицированных молекулярно импринтированными полимерами, для скрининга фенольных ксеноэстрогенов

A new method for the determining phenolic xenoestrogens, chemicals that destroy the endocrine system (EDC), i.e., 4-octylphenol (OP), 4-nonylphenol (NLP) and bisphenol A (BPA), in sediments and river waters with preliminary concentration on magnetic sorbents functionalized by polymers based on molecular imprints is proposed. were determined In the concentrates EDC were converted to derivatives by reaction with acetic anhydride and then determined by gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The accuracy of the determination was evaluated by the "added–found" method.Use of the molecular imprinted polymers allows determining up to 5 ng/l NLP and 6 ng/l OP and BFA in wastewaters. In bottom sediments, the limit of determination was 100 ng/kg for NLP and 150 ng/kg for OP or BPA. The decrease in sensitivity was due to the high contamination of bottom sediments and increased matrix effects. Products of degradation of humic acid, surfactants and petroleum products have the greatest interfering effect. The method was tested on EDC screening in waters and bottom sediments of the Voronezh reservoir. Sites near the unorganized discharge of wastewaters and near the discharge of municipal wastewater treatment plants were selected as sampling points. The maximum concentrations of OP, NLP and BPA found in the river waters were 335, 1138 and 144 ng/l, respectively, and in the bottom sediments were 6.9, 10.7 and 5.9 μg/kg, respectively.Keywords: phenolic xenoestrogenes, bisphenol A, 4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, concentration, molecularly imprinted polymers, determinationПредложен способ определения фенольных ксеноэстрогенов – химических веществ, разрушающих эндокринную систему (EDC): 4-октилфенола (ОФ), 4-нонилфенола (НЛФ) и бисфенола А (БФА) в донных отложениях и речных водах с предварительным концентрированием на магнитных сорбентах, функционализированных полимерами с молекулярными отпечатками. В концентратах EDC переводили в дериваты по реакции с уксусным ангидридом, которые определяли методом газовой хроматографии в сочетании с масс-спектрометрией (ГХ-МС). Правильность определения оценивали методом «введено-найдено».Применение молекулярно импринтированных полимеров позволяет определить в сточной воде до 5 нг/л НЛФ и по 6 нг/л ОФ и БФА. В донных отложениях предел определения на порядок хуже и составляет 100 нг/кг (НЛФ) и по 150 нг/кг (ОФ, БФА). Уменьшение чувствительности обусловлено высокой загрязненностью донных отложений и усилением матричных эффектов. Наибольшее мешающее влияние оказывают примеси продуктов деградации гуминовых кислот, ПАВ и нефтепродукты. Способ апробирован на примере скрининга EDC в водах и донных отложениях Воронежского водохранилища. В качестве точек отбора выбраны участки вблизи неорганизованного сброса неочищенных сточных вод и вблизи сброса сточных вод городских очистных сооружений. Установлено максимальное содержание в речных водах 340, 1140 и 140 нг/л и в донных отложениях – 6.9, 10.7 и 5.8 мкг/кг соответственно ОФ, НЛФ, БФА. Ключевые слова: фенольные ксеноэстрогены, бисфенол А, 4-октилфенол, 4-нонилфенол, концентрирование, молекулярно импринтированные полимеры, определени

Application of magnetic sorbents modified with molecular imprinted polymers for screening of phenolic xenoestrogens

Предложен способ определения фенольных ксеноэстрогенов – химических веществ, разрушающих эндокринную систему (EDC): 4-октилфенола (ОФ), 4-нонилфенола (НЛФ) и бисфенола А (БФА) в донных отложениях и речных водах с предварительным концентрированием на магнитных сорбентах, функционализированных полимерами с молекулярными отпечатками. В концентратах EDC переводили в дериваты по реакции с уксусным ангидридом, которые определяли методом газовой хроматографии в сочетании с масс-спектрометрией (ГХ-МС). Правильность определения оценивали методом «введено-найдено». Применение молекулярно импринтированных полимеров позволяет определить в сточной воде до 5 нг/л НЛФ и по 6 нг/л ОФ и БФА. В донных отложениях предел определения на порядок хуже и составляет 100 нг/кг (НЛФ) и по 150 нг/кг (ОФ, БФА). Уменьшение чувствительности обусловлено высокой загрязненностью донных отложений и усилением матричных эффектов. Наибольшее мешающее влияние оказывают примеси продуктов деградации гуминовых кислот, ПАВ и нефтепродукты. Способ апробирован на примере скрининга EDC в водах и донных отложениях Воронежского водохранилища. В качестве точек отбора выбраны участки вблизи неорганизованного сброса неочищенных сточных вод и вблизи сброса сточных вод городских очистных сооружений. Установлено максимальное содержание в речных водах 340, 1140 и 140 нг/л и в донных отложениях – 6.9, 10.7 и 5.8 мкг/кг соответственно ОФ, НЛФ, БФА.A new method for the determining phenolic xenoestrogens, chemicals that destroy the endocrine system (EDC), i.e., 4-octylphenol (OP), 4-nonylphenol (NLP) and bisphenol A (BPA), in sediments and river waters with preliminary concentration on magnetic sorbents functionalized by polymers based on molecular imprints is proposed. were determined In the concentrates EDC were converted to derivatives by reaction with acetic anhydride and then determined by gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The accuracy of the determination was evaluated by the "added–found" method. Use of the molecular imprinted polymers allows determining up to 5 ng/l NLP and 6 ng/l OP and BFA in wastewaters. In bottom sediments, the limit of determination was 100 ng/kg for NLP and 150 ng/kg for OP or BPA. The decrease in sensitivity was due to the high contamination of bottom sediments and increased matrix effects. Products of degradation of humic acid, surfactants and petroleum products have the greatest interfering effect. The method was tested on EDC screening in waters and bottom sediments of the Voronezh reservoir. Sites near the unorganized discharge of wastewaters and near the discharge of municipal wastewater treatment plants were selected as sampling points. The maximum concentrations of OP, NLP and BPA found in the river waters were 335, 1138 and 144 ng/l, respectively, and in the bottom sediments were 6.9, 10.7 and 5.9 μg/kg, respectively

Modern Trends of Organic Chemistry in Russian Universities

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. This review is devoted to the scientific achievements of the departments of organic chemistry in higher schools of Russia within the past decade

WE‐E‐201C‐09: Intravascular Imaging with Storage Phosphor Detector

Purpose: To develop and test an intravascular positron imaging system based on a storage phosphor (SP) detector for imaging vulnerable plaques of human coronary arteries. Materials and methods: The positron‐emitting radiotracer F18‐FDG accumulates in vulnerable arterial plaques with inflamed overlying cap; thus vulnerable plaques could be imaged by an intravascular positron detector located at the end of a cardiac catheter. An experimental intravascular imaging detector was constructed as a SP tube with 55 mm length, 2 mm diameter, and 0.28 mm wall thickness. A light diffuser with 0.9 mm diameter and 55 mm length is inserted into the SP tube to erase signal accumulated in the SP during fluoroscopic guidance of catheter insertion. The light diffuser was connected to a 0.38 W laser source through a 2 m long optical fiber. A heart phantom with 300 cm3 volume, and 3.2 mm diameter coronary arteries with plaques was fabricated. 0.5 μCi/cm3 FDG solution filled the heart and coronary arteries, with a range of activities in the plaques. The detector was inserted in a coronary artery and the plaques were imaged for 2 min. The detector was extracted and read out in 2 min using a SP reader. Results: The light diffuser erased the fluoroscopic x‐ray signal of the SP to background levels. Vulnerable plaques with area activities of 1.2 nCi/mm2 and higher were visualized. This activity is a factor of 10 lower than that expected in human vulnerable plaques. The detector can image the internal surface of 50 mm long vessels with 0.6 mm FWHM spatial resolution in a single measurement. The detector is flexible, easy to handle, and provides virtually real time imaging. Conclusion: The intravascular detector provides sensitivity, spatial resolution, flexibility, and imaging times that are well suited for clinical imaging of vulnerable plaques of human coronary artery. © 2010, American Association of Physicists in Medicine. All rights reserved