Toxicological approach of Parthenium Hysterophorus (linn.) On sperm dynamics and male fertility of rattus norvegicus

Parthenium hysterophorus Linn., an exotic plant has now dominated most of the herbaceous flora of many countries. It is a weed of national significance belongs to family Asteraceae. The compound Parthenin extracted from parthenium hysterophorus was orally administrated to Rattus norvegicus at 60.0 mg/kg b.wt. for acute and 2.o mg/kg b.wt. for sub-chronic (30 days) treatment to study its impact on testicular fertility parameters to different groups of animals. Results from the present study have elucidated that sperm parameters (Fertility index, sperm count, sperm motility and sperm abnormality) showed a marked decrease in their functioning, and toxic effects on male reproductive functions. The observed testicular changes are suggestive of testes dysfunction and additional mode of action of Parthenium leaf extract

Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity

Local anesthetics are used very often in medicine and dentistry. They have few adverse effects, but the increased use of these drugs has resulted in a higher incidence of local and systemic anesthetic toxicity (LAST). From the initial symptoms to the deleterious effects on cardiac and the central nervous system, LAST is an important consequence of which we should be aware. LAST is known since the introduction and use of local anesthetics; it was originally associated with seizures and respiratory failure. However, in the 1970s, side effects on the heart were also identified, as the fatal cardiac toxicity associated with bupivacaine was discovered in healthy patients. Prevention and safe administration of regional anesthesia remains primary factors in the avoidance of the toxicity of these drugs. When a patient has LAST, treatment should be started immediately to reduce seizures. If there is cardiac arrest, follow ACLS guidelines. Intravenous lipids improve cardiac conduction, contractility and coronary perfusion by removing liposoluble local anesthetic from cardiac tissue

Yolk sac tumor in an antenatal patient: a challenging case

Pregnancy complicated with adnexal masses is a very common occurrence. However, most of these adnexal masses encountered in pregnancy are benign in nature and are found incidentally during routine antenatal ultrasound. Malignant ovarian neoplasms account for 1%-8% of all persistent adnexal masses diagnosed during pregnancy. Yolk sac tumor (YST) complicating pregnancy is very rare and has no proper guidelines for its diagnosis and management hence causing a therapeutic dilemma for the clinicians. Therefore, an individualised approach is preferred in such cases. It is very important to report such cases for better understanding and management of these cases. Here we present a case report of a 23-year-old primigravida at 30 weeks gestation with yolk sac tumor of right ovary, surgical stage IIIc who responded well to fertility sparing surgery with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. She has no evidence of disease post treatment and has been put on regular follow up

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE

A series of substituted 1,4-dihydopyridine derivatives (SC1-SC10) was synthesized via condensation of acetoacetanilide /4-chloro acetoacetanilide and substituted benzaldehyde in methanol with excess amount of ammonia. The synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopic techniques.The anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of title compounds was evaluated utilizing paper disc diffusion method. The anti-bacterial activity was determined by using S. aureus and E.coli as the gram-positive and gram negative strains, while Candida albicans was used to evaluate the anti-fungal activity of synthesized compounds. 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative (SC8) with bromo group at para position of phenyl ring attached to dihydropyridine ring and chloro group linked to para position of carbamoyl phenyl ring was found to be the most active anti-bacterial agent, with its activity observed more on gram negative strain (81.76%) as compared to gram positive strain (75.94%). The most active anti-fungal agent was found to be SC1 (86.85%); 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative with hydroxy group at 2nd position and bromo group at 5th position of phenyl ring attached to dihydropyridine ring while chloro group linked to para position of carbamoyl phenyl ring. This suggests the requirement of electron withdrawing group at 3rd and 5th position of dihydropyridine ring for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity

Metal Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions of Alkenes Using Eco-Friendly Oxidants

Oxidation of alkenes is an important reaction in academia, industry and science as it is used to develop epoxides, carbonyls, allylic compounds, 1,2-diols, etc. Metal catalyzed oxidation of alkenes has aroused as a significant tool in modern organic synthesis. Several techniques are available; however some of them suffer from few shortcomings viz. high cost, toxic nature, harsh reaction condition, solid waste generation, etc. In view of these drawbacks, green oxidants i.e. O2, H2O2, TBHP, etc. have shown noteworthy prospects due to their nature, low cost, high atom economy and high sustainability in metal catalyzed reactions. This chapter highlights the metal catalyzed green oxidation of alkenes and shall provide new strategies for the functionalization and transformation of alkenes

OCIMUM KILIMANDSCHARICUM : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

The medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in their day to day practice. Ocimum is one of the most popular culinary herb known for its medicinal properties. The genus of Ocimum belongs to the family Labiatae. It includes at least 150 species and numerous cultivars. Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke is an aromatic under shrub with pubescent quadrangular branchlets. The leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke are acrid, thermogenic, aromatic, anti-bacterial, insecticidal, antiviral, appetizing, ophthalmic and deodorant. This review summarizes the most interesting studies on the various pharmacognosy and pharmacological works done on the Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerk

Long pulsed Nd: YAG laser with inbuilt cool sapphire tip for long term hair reduction on type- IV and V skin: A prospective analysis of 200 patients

<b>Background:</b> Laser hair reduction has become a very popular means to get rid of unwanted hair. <b>Aims:</b> We conducted the current study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Nd: YAG laser on dark skin. We also evaluated the effect of increasing the gap between sessions on the long term efficacy of hair reduction achieved with long pulsed Nd: YAG laser. <b>Methods:</b> A prospective study was conducted on 200 consecutive female patients who underwent laser hair reduction for unwanted hair over the face, at Kaya skin clinic Delhi, with long pulsed Nd: YAG laser, from May 2006 to May 2009. The gap between sessions was increased from 2 ^nd session itself. Results were evaluated 6 months after 6 sessions. Also a note was made of worsening of hair growth or any side effects experienced the patient during any of the sessions. <b>Results:</b> A total of 200 female patients (160 skin type IV and 40 skin type V) were followed up. Of these, 64 enrolled for lower face, 88 for chin or upper neck and 48 for upper lip. 6 months after 6 sessions, more than 50&#x0025; improvement was seen in 68.7&#x0025; of lower face, 89.69&#x0025; cases of chin and 59&#x0025; of upper lip cases. None of the patients had any worsening. <b>Conclusions:</b> The current study shows that long pulsed Nd: YAG is a very safe and effective means of hair reduction in skin types IV and V. Adequate fluences and increasing the gap between sessions from the 2 ^nd session could be the key to achieving long term hair reduction with Nd: YAG laser. Adequate cooling and proper shaving are the key factors determining the safety

From symptomology to resilience: Case illustrations of recovery from OCD using CBT

Over the years, many researchers have studied outcomes of mental illness through deficit-based approaches such as vulnerability, suffering, and symptoms among individuals diagnosed with mental illness. Such an approach, though useful in the clinical area has failed to adequately explore positive adaptation among such individuals. The present study is a strength-based approach that aims to address this gap in literature by investigating how individuals despite the diagnosis of OCD, can display resilience and positive outcomes by leading a productive life. Resilience was explored by analyzing life experiences of two OCD patients who received Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) sessions. Resilience, challenges, and protective factors were examined using a semi-structured interview and Connor-Davidson’s Resilience Scale-10 after CBT sessions. Both participants displayed resilience through unique coping mechanisms derived from internal and external protective factors that helped them to overcome the symptoms of OCD and other challenges faced in day-to-day living. Resilience was exhibited through adaptation and improved life outcomes. Case study approaches may be useful in understanding unique resilience mechanisms in a variety of contexts, which are otherwise difficult to identify through large-scale surveys. Further, a discussion on future implications provides crucial insights for mental health professionals. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC