ドウ発酵中の物性変化の化学的機作に関する研究

CHAPTER I CHEMICAL CHANGES DURING DOUGH FERMENTATION CHAPTER II PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF WHEAT LIPOXYGENASE CHAPTER III EFFECTS OF PURIFIED LIPOXYGENASE ISOZYMES ON FLOUR DOUGH CHAPTER IV EFFECT OF PURIFIED PENTOSANS ON DOUGH RHEOLOGY CHAPTER V CONCLUDING REMARKSMade available in DSpace on 2012-09-06T04:35:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 shiiba1.pdf: 9307406 bytes, checksum: b8db270c34848a87eaebc2a84182a334 (MD5) shiiba2.pdf: 7865908 bytes, checksum: e224165a3292bd4de25e77bb8c681803 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996-02-21主1-参

Oligopeptides production by a method involving an enzymatic reaction and a subsequent chemical reaction

We previously reported that an amide bond is unexpectedly formed1) by an acyl-CoA synthetase, AcsA, which plays an essential role in acid utilization in the nitrile-degrative pathway2). Although AcsA essentially catalyzes the formation of a carbon-sulfur bond (the ligation of an acid with CoA), it surprisingly synthesized N-acyl-l-cysteine when a suitable acid and l-cysteine are used as substrates. Furthermore, this unexpected enzyme activity was also observed for acetyl-CoA synthetase and firefly luciferase, both of which belong to the same superfamily of adenylate-forming enzymes. However, the mechanism underlying the carbon-nitrogen bond synthesis remained unknown. Next, we succeeded in producing N-(D-alanyl)-l-cysteine (a dipeptide) from D-alanine and l-cysteine by using DltA, which is homologous to the adenylation domain of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and belongs to the superfamily of adenylate-forming enzymes. To elucidate the mechanism of these surprising reaction, DltA was used. When cysteine derivatives with a protected amino group N-Boc-l-Cys was used instead of l-cysteine, we confirmed the formation of an thioester intermediate. Thereby, we proposed the following unprecedented reaction mechanism underlying these carbon-nitrogen bond synthetic reactions by the thioester-bond-synthesizing enzymes: (i) the formation of S-acyl-l-cysteine as an intermediate via its “enzymatic activity” and (ii) subsequent “chemical“ S→N acyl transfer in the intermediate, resulting in peptide formation3). Step (ii) of this reaction mechanism is identical to the corresponding reaction in native chemical ligation, a method of chemical peptide synthesis, whereas step (i) is not. We predicted that enzymes belonging to the superfamily of adenylate-forming enzymes can synthesize peptide/amide compounds by the same mechanism. Accordingly, we tried to express and purify DhbE, a stand-alone adebylation domain of NRPS, for production of valuable peptide/amide compounds. The purified DhbE synthesized N-aromatic acyl-l-cysteine4). Here, we reported the first demonstration of the N-acylation by “internal” adenylation domains in the multidomain enzyme DhbF. The adenylation domain of NRPS originally is responsible for its selective substrate recognition and activation of the substrate. DhbF is an NRPS involved in bacillibactin synthesis and consists of multiple domains (adenylation domain, condensation domain, peptidyl carrier protein domain, and thioesterase domain). DhbFA1 and DhbFA2 (here named) are “internal” adenylation domains in DhbF. Here, we firstly succeeded in expressing and purifying “internal” adenylation domain DhbFA1 or DhbFA2 separately. When glycine and l-cysteine were used as substrates of DhbFA1, the formation of N-glycyl-l-cysteine (Gly-Cys) was observed. When l-threonine and l-cysteine were used as substrates of DhbFA2, N-l-threonyl-l-cysteine (Thr-Cys) was formed. Furthermore, DhbFA1 or DhbFA2 synthesizes not only dipeptides but also various oligopeptides. Because many adenylation domains that could activate the respective substrates are present in the natural world, we can synthesize various peptides or amides by using adenylation domains or enzymes belonging to the superfamily of adenylate-forming enzymes. References: 1. Abe, T. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 283, 11312-11321 (2008). 2. Hashimoto, Y. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 280, 8660-8667 (2005). 3. Abe, T. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 291, 1735-1750 (2016). 4. Abe, T. et al., J. Antibiot. 70, 435-442 (2017)

A Numerical Method Combining the IADI Method with the Modified Picard Iteration Method for Solving Multi-Dimensional Saturated-Unsaturated Flow Equation

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Flood Estimation and Prediction Using Particle Filters

Data assimilation methods have received increased attention to accomplish uncertainty assessment and enhancement of forecasting capability in various areas. Despite their potential, applicable software frameworks for probabilistic approaches and data assimilation are still limited because most hydrologic modeling software are based on a deterministic approach. In this study, we developed a hydrologic modeling framework for data assimilation, namely MPI-OHyMoS. While adapting object-oriented features of the original OHyMoS, MPI-OHyMoS allows user to build a probabilistic hydrologic model with data assimilation. In this software framework, sequential data assimilation based on particle filtering is available for any hydrologic models considering various sources of uncertainty originating from input forcing, parameters, and observations. Ensemble simulations are parallelized by a message passing interface (MPI), which can take advantage of high-performance computing (HPC) systems. Structure and implementation processes of data assimilation via MPI-OHyMoS are illustrated using a simple lumped model. We apply this software framework for uncertainty assessment of a distributed hydrologic model in synthetic and real experiment cases. In the synthetic experiment, dual state-parameter updating results in a reasonable estimation of parameters to cover synthetic true within their posterior distributions. In the real experiment, dual updating with identifiable parameters results in a reasonable agreement to the observed hydrograph with reduced uncertainty of parameters

カプサイシンを用いたニホンジカ(Cervus nippon)による食害防止の試み

信州大学(Shinshu university)博士（農学）この博士論文は、次の学術雑誌論文を一部に使用しています。 / Animal Science Journal 92(1) :e13529(2021); doi:10.1111/asj.13529 / 日本畜産学会報 92(2) :199-204(2021); doi:10.2508/chikusan.92.199 © 2021 公益社団法人 日本畜産学会/ 日本畜産学会報 94(2) :231-234(2023); doi:10.2508/chikusan.94.231 © 2023 公益社団法人 日本畜産学会Thesis椎葉　湧一朗. カプサイシンを用いたニホンジカ(Cervus nippon)による食害防止の試み. 信州大学, 2023, 博士論文. 博士（農学）, 乙第28号, 令和04年09月30日授与.doctoral thesi

Epithelial Cell Transforming Sequence 2 in Human Oral Cancer

Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (ECT2) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family GTPase, which has been implicated in the malignant phenotype of human cancers. Little is known about the effect of a high level of ECT2 in regulating oral cancer cell behavior. In this study, we investigated the involvement of ECT2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)., and down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and CDK4. These data suggested that the elevated Cip/Kip family induced inhibition of the cyclin D1-CDK complex activity leading to cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase.Our results proposed for the first time that ECT2 is an indicator of cellular proliferation in OSCCs and that ECT2 might be a potential therapeutic target for the development of new treatments for OSCCs

Effects of one hour daily outdoor access on lying and sleeping postures, and immune traits of tethered cows

Objective We investigated the effects of outdoor access for 1 h per day on the animal welfare (AW) of tethered cows, in terms of lying and sleeping postures, and immune function. Methods A total of five dry cows were tethered all day indoors (tethering) for 30 days and then tethered indoors with 1 h daily outdoor access (ODA-1h) for 30 days. To analyze the effects of ODA-1h, we calculated the total duration and bout frequency per day, and bout duration of lying and sleeping postures during the last five days of each treatment period. We also analyzed the populations of T cells, B cells, and NK cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and determined the concanavalin A (Con A) -induced proliferation rate of T cells. Results The mean total time per day of lying during the ODA-1h treatment was significantly shorter than that during the tethering treatment (p<0.001). The Con A-induced proliferation rate of T cells during the ODA-1h treatment was significantly higher than that during the tethering treatment (p = 0.007). The proportion of NK cells in PBMC during the ODA-1h treatment tended to be higher than that during the tethering treatment (p = 0.062). Conclusion Although ODA-1h may decrease lying time, it increases the available space for tethered cows towards that typically found in grazing and free barn feeding systems. This increased available space promotes the expression of normal behaviors such as walking and social behaviors except lying and may also improve the immune function of tethered dry cows, thereby improving their overall welfare

Building Back Better in Small Island Developing States in the Pacific: Initial Insights from the BinD Model of Disaster Risk Management Policy Options in Fiji. ADBI Working Paper 1290.

Building resilience to disasters continues to pose challenges for developing countries. Historically, small island developing states (SIDS) bordering the Pacific Ocean have suffered from multiple hazards, such as earthquakes, coastal erosion, floods, and cyclones. Population increase, uneven progress in socioeconomic development, and the ongoing environmental degradation, including climate change, have exaggerated their vulnerability to disasters. At the same time, the recent COVID-19 global pandemic has shown that the small, remote, and less-diversified economies of SIDS are particularly prone to additional external shocks. Events such as COVID-19, in combination with disasters resulting from natural hazards, pose additional challenges for resource-constrained economies’ recovery. However, the existing literature has rarely evaluated such interactions. This study hence provides initial insights into the interaction of alternative DRM policies in the presence of additional demand-side constraints, which we evaluated through the recently developed binary constrained disaster (BinD) model. Our results indicate that a targeted increase of government spending in times of crisis could be beneficial for the economic recovery of Fiji. However, short-term trade-offs emerged with respect to financing options. Debt-financed recovery allows a faster and less painful recovery but requires quick and preferential access to foreign borrowing. Tax-financed recovery can compensate for short-term foreign borrowing needs but comes at the cost of more detrimental impacts on the GDP and private sector consumption

A Basic Research on Management Compensation Based on ESG Indicators : Analyses Based on Information Disclosed in Securities Reports

本研究は、JSPS科研費JP20K02028の助成を受けたものである