電気流体力学ポンプのポンピング力と安定動作条件に関する研究

八戸工業大

多面的な親子関係の発達モデルを探る : Attachmentから間主観的companionshipへ

Human relations can be divided into two types ; the vertical and the horizontal ones. In developmental psychology, traditionally, parent-child relationships have been regarded as the vertical, while peer relationships as the horizontal. Based on the myth of infant determinism, it also has been believed that all later developments are determined by early attachment. As the result, parent roles also have been unified into an attachment figure for their children. However, recently new viewpoints opened several controversial discussions which takes issues with those traditional views. They reconsidered the parental role and which takes versatile roles including not only an attachment figure, but also a teacher, and a playmate for children. It is proposed that as attachment behavior system is activated under threat, it may be theoretically incorrect to correlate it with activities in playful contexts. The global influences of an early secure attachment on later behavior also are considered as the result of "all good things go together." Those new proposals indicate that we need a new integrated theory to understand reality of interpersonal relationships. In this review, I will propose a systemic model considered versatile roles of parents based on the theory of intersubjectivity and companionship to better understand human relations

Ruminal Disappearance and Passage Rates in Fresh Nezasa Dwarf Bamboo Growing in Japanese Native Pasture

Nezasa dwarf bamboo (Pleioblastus chino makino) is one of major native forages for grazing in Japan. However its nutritional utilisation in the rumen has been little studied. The object of this research was to measure ruminal disappearance and passage rates in fresh Nezasa dwarf bamboo compared with improved grass

Occurrence of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase in mitochondria of Euglena gracilis

Abstract2-Oxoglutarate decarboxylase which catalyzes the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate into succinate semialdehyde occurs in mitochondria of Euglena gracilis which lacks a 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The enzyme reaction required thiamin pyrophosphate, MgCl2, 2-mercaptoethanol and NADP+ for the maximum activity, and was not affected by pyruvate and oxalacetate. In the reaction, the enzyme consumed 2-oxoglutarate, evolved CO2 and formed succinate semialdehyde in stoichiometric relationship. The maximum enzyme activity was found at pH 7.0 and 40° C, and Km values for 2-oxoglutarate and thiamin pyrophosphate were 0.33 and 0.056 mM, respectively. These results indicate that the thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent Euglena decarboxylase belongs to a new type of decarboxylase to be designated as 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase. The probable role of the new decarboxylase in Euglena mitochondria is discussed with regard to the tricarboxylic acid cycle

Atypical gaze patterns in children and adults with autism spectrum disorders dissociated from developmental changes in gaze behaviour

Eye tracking has been used to investigate gaze behaviours in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, traditional analysis has yet to find behavioural characteristics shared by both children and adults with ASD. To distinguish core ASD gaze behaviours from those that change with development, we examined temporo-spatial gaze patterns in children and adults with and without ASD while they viewed video clips. We summarized the gaze patterns of 104 participants using multidimensional scaling so that participants with similar gaze patterns would cluster together in a two-dimensional plane. Control participants clustered in the centre, reflecting a standard gaze behaviour, whereas participants with ASD were distributed around the periphery. Moreover, children and adults were separated on the plane, thereby showing a clear effect of development on gaze behaviours. Post hoc frame-by-frame analyses revealed the following findings: (i) both ASD groups shifted their gaze away from a speaker earlier than the control groups; (ii) both ASD groups showed a particular preference for letters; and (iii) typical infants preferred to watch the mouth rather than the eyes during speech, a preference that reversed with development. These results highlight the importance of taking the effect of development into account when addressing gaze behaviours characteristic of ASD