Effects of the Ambient Stratification Condition in Eutrophicated Reservoirs on the Type of Antenna Pigments of Dominant Cyanobacteria

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Development of airflow limitation, dyspnoea, and both in the general population: the Nagahama study

Subjects with subclinical respiratory dysfunction who do not meet the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) criteria have attracted attention with regard to early COPD intervention. Our aim was to longitudinally investigate the risks for the development of airflow limitation (AFL) and dyspnoea, the main characteristics of COPD, in a large-scale community-based general population study. The Nagahama study included 9789 inhabitants, and a follow-up evaluation was conducted after 5 years. AFL was diagnosed using a fixed ratio (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7). We enrolled normal subjects aged 40-75 years with no AFL, dyspnoea or prior diagnosis of asthma or COPD at baseline. In total, 5865 subjects were analysed, 310 subjects had subclinical respiratory dysfunction (FEV₁/FVC < the lower limit of normal; n = 57, and FEV₁ < 80% of the predicted value (preserved ratio impaired spirometry); n = 256). A total of 5086 subjects attended the follow-up assessment, and 449 and 1021 subjects developed AFL and dyspnoea, respectively. Of these, 100 subjects developed AFL with dyspnoea. Baseline subclinical respiratory dysfunction was independently and significantly associated with AFL with dyspnoea development within 5 years. Subjects with subclinical respiratory dysfunction are at risk of developing COPD-like features and require careful monitoring

チョウビリュウ シチッカアルミニウム フンマツ ノ ショウケツ

Low temperature sinterability of AIN powders with different particle sizes was examined using Y_20_3 as a sintering additive. Samples used in this paper were plasma nitridation AIN with 0.09μm, metal nitridation AIN with 1.2μm, and carbothermal reduction and nitridation with 0.7 and 2.0μm in diameter. Fine powder with higher specific surface area showed higher sinterability at relatively low sintering temperature. Plasma nitridation powder showed excellent sintering behavior with 90% of theoretical density of AIN at 1600℃. No liquid phase formation was observed in the sample sintered between 1400 and 1700℃ with addition of Y_20_3. Processing parameters, i. e., solvent kinds for mixing or amount of binder addition strongly affected the sinterability of AIN in the case of plasma nitridation powder. Low temperature sintering without liquid phase formation needs careful powder processing to control the agglomeration and oxygen contents