Strategies to enhance the excitation energy-transfer efficiency in a light-harvesting system using the intra-molecular charge transfer character of carotenoids

Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid that is mainly found in light-harvesting complexes from brown algae and diatoms. Due to the presence of a carbonyl group attached to polyene chains in polar environments, excitation produces an excited intra-molecular charge transfer. This intra-molecular charge transfer state plays a key role in the highly efficient (∼95%) energy-transfer from fucoxanthin to chlorophyll a in the light-harvesting complexes from brown algae. In purple bacterial light-harvesting systems the efficiency of excitation energy-transfer from carotenoids to bacteriochlorophylls depends on the extent of conjugation of the carotenoids. In this study we were successful, for the first time, in incorporating fucoxanthin into a light-harvesting complex 1 from the purple photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum G9+ (a carotenoidless strain). Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy was applied to this reconstituted light-harvesting complex in order to determine the efficiency of excitation energy-transfer from fucoxanthin to bacteriochlorophyll a when they are bound to the light-harvesting 1 apo-proteins

教室における肺癌症例の検討 : 病期分類,切除率,生存率からみた肺癌手術例の検分

昭和50年1月から昭和61年1月までの約11年間に当科に入院した原発性肺癌症例は121例で,これらの症例について病期分類,切除率,生存率等について検討を加えた.内訳は,男性88例,女性33例,年齢は22歳から83歳,平均67.0歳で,70歳代は24例(19.8%),80歳代は2例(0.2%)であった.病期分類はIa期32例(26.4%),Ib期8例(6.6%),II期5例(4.1%),III期45例(37.2%),IV期28例(23.1%)で,III・IV期を合わせると60%以上を占めていた.このうち切除例は78例(64.5%)で,治癒切除例は57例(73.1%)であり,II期症例までは全例治癒切除可能であったが,III期症例は45例のうち治癒切除は11例のみであった.121症例の組織型は,腺癌は59例(48.8%),類表皮癌は37例(30.6%),小細胞癌は10例(8.3%),大細胞癌は4例(3.3%)であった.全切除例の50%生存期間は36.4カ月であったが,病期別に比較するとla期の5年生存率は約71%であったのに対して,Ib期,II期,III期の50%生存期間はそれぞれ27.5カ月,31.4カ月,24.4カ月と,Ia期の生存率は有意に良好で(p<0.05),治癒切除,非治癒切除に分けて比較すると,50%生存期間はそれぞれ46.6カ月,20.4カ月で治癒切除可能例において有意に良好であった(p<0.05).また,当院呼吸器内科で非観血的療法をうけた切除不能94例の50%生存期間は約7.5カ月であり,切除例の36.4カ月と比べ明らかに不良であった.このように生存率は早期症例ほど良好で,肺癌予後を決定する因子としては病期分類が最も重要であり,さらに小細胞癌,III期肺癌に対しても積極的な拡大根治手術により生存率の向上が期待できるものと考えられる.One hundred and twenty-one patients with lung cancer were admitted to our division during the 11 years between January, 1975 and January, 1986. There were 88 men and 33 women, whose ages ranged from 22 to 83 years. Thirty-two patients were in Clinical Stage Ia of the disease (24.6%), 8 in Stage Ib (6.6%), 5 in Stage II (4.1%), 45 in Stage III (37.2%) and 28 in Stage IV (23.1%). Fifty-five patients had adenocarcinoma (48.8%), 37 epidermoid cell carcinoma (30.6%), 10 small cell carcinoma (8.3%), 4 large cell carcinoma (3.3%) and 11 had other forms of the disease. Of these, 78 patients underwent surgical resection. That group of patients was analyzed for long-term survival by clinical stage, and a survival curve was drawn according to the methods of KAPLAN & MEIER. The 50% survival period was at 36.4 months for all resected cases, at 27.5 months in patients with Stage Ib, at 31.4 months in those with Stage II, at 24.4 months in those with Stage III and at 7.5 months in non resected cases. On the other hand, the five-year survival rate was 71% in patients with Stage Ia. There was a significant difference in prognosis between Stage Ia and the other stages of the disease. In conclusion, the clinical stage is most important for prognosis in patients with lung cancer, and it can be effectively treated with prolonged survival to operated extensively for Stage III of the disease and for small cell carcinoma of the early stage

Fascination of Chemical Synthesis Learning From Natural Products

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains dan Pendidikan Sains VII UKSW : Pemberdayaan Manusia dan Alam yang Berkelanjutan Melalui Sains, Matematika dan Pendidikan (The Human and Nature Sustainability Empowerment through Science, Mathematic and Education) Vol. 3 No.1 2012 p.10 – 2

Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 6-Endo Cyclization of Dienamides with Substituent-Driven Activation

Chiral 2-piperidinone compounds with various C-6 substituents were successfully synthesized via a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric 6-<i>endo</i> cyclization of dienamides, which were evidently activated by both <i>N</i>-<i>p</i>-toluenesulfonyl and C-3 ester substituents