Event and strategy analytics

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(E)-N′-(2-Chloro-5-nitro­benzyl­idene)-3-meth­oxy­benzohydrazide monohydrate

In the hydrazone mol­ecule of the title compound, C15H12ClN3O4·H2O, the two benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 3.6 (1)°. In the crystal structure, the solvent water mol­ecules are involved in the formation of inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into double ribbons extending along the b axis. Inter­molecular π–π inter­actions between the aromatic rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.712 (3) and 3.672 (3) Å] link these ribbons further into layers parallel to the ab plane

A UTP semantics for communicating processes with shared variables and its formal encoding in PVS

CSP# (communicating sequential programs) is a modelling language designed for specifying concurrent systems by integrating CSP-like compositional operators with sequential programs updating shared variables. In this work, we define an observation-oriented denotational semantics in an open environment for the CSP# language based on the UTP framework. To deal with shared variables, we lift traditional event-based traces into mixed traces which consist of state-event pairs for recording process behaviours. To capture all possible concurrency behaviours between action/channel-based communications and global shared variables, we construct a comprehensive set of rules on merging traces from processes which run in parallel/interleaving. We also define refinement to check process equivalence and present a set of algebraic laws which are established based on our denotational semantics. We further encode our proposed denotational semantics into the PVS theorem prover. The encoding not only ensures the semantic consistency, but also builds up a theoretic foundation for machine-assisted verification of CSP# specifications.Full Tex

Demonstration of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering with Enhanced Subchannel Discrimination

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering describes a quantum nonlocal phenomenon in which one party can nonlocally affect the other's state through local measurements. It reveals an additional concept of quantum nonlocality, which stands between quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality. Recently, a quantum information task named as subchannel discrimination (SD) provides a necessary and sufficient characterization of EPR steering. The success probability of SD using steerable states is higher than using any unsteerable states, even when they are entangled. However, the detailed construction of such subchannels and the experimental realization of the corresponding task are still technologically challenging. In this work, we designed a feasible collection of subchannels for a quantum channel and experimentally demonstrated the corresponding SD task where the probabilities of correct discrimination are clearly enhanced by exploiting steerable states. Our results provide a concrete example to operationally demonstrate EPR steering and shine a new light on the potential application of EPR steering.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, appendix include

Improved Linear (hull) Cryptanalysis of Round-reduced Versions of KATAN

KATAN is a family of block ciphers published at CHES 2009. Based on the Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) technique, we propose the first third-party linear cryptanalysis on KATAN. Furthermore, we evaluate the security of KATAN against the linear attack without ignoring the dependence of the input bits of the $2\times 1$ S-box(the AND operation). Note that in previous analysis, the dependence is not considered, and therefore the previous results are not accurate. Furthermore, the mounted 131/120-round attack on KATAN32/48 respectively by our 84/90-round linear hull is the best single-key known-plaintext attack. In addition, a best 94-round linear hull attack is mounted on KATAN64 by our 76-round linear hull

Letter Ruling 00-15: The Meaning of "Reasonable Transportation Charges"

The effect of plant population density (PPD) and root-induced leaf cytokinin on the compensatory growth of potted corn seedlings during post-drought rewatering was investigated. The study design comprised four treatments: (1) wetness with low PPD, (2) wetness with high PPD, (3) rewatering with low PPD, and (4) rewatering with high PPD. Results showed that drought stress restrained the growth of corns. By contrast, rewatering enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and growth of corns. During the 8 days of rewatering, compensatory growth during post-drought rewatering occurred in corns with high PPD; however, such compensatory growth did not occur in corns with low PPD. Zeatin riboside concentrations in leaves and xylem saps were significantly higher under rewatering treatment than those under wet treatment. High leaf cytokinin concentration accelerated corn growth. The coefficients of variation and Gini-coefficient of wet treatment were significantly higher than those of rewatering treatment under high PPD, demonstrating that intense intraspecific competition occurred in the wet treatment. Extreme intraspecific competition negatively affected net photosynthetic rate. In brief, the interactions between root-induced leaf cytokinin and weak intraspecific competition promoted the compensatory growth under high PPD