EGTA, a calcium chelator, affects cell cycle and increases DNA methylation in root tips of Triticum aestivum L.

In this study, when germinated Triticum aestivum L. seeds were treated with 0, 2, 4 and 6 mM ethyl glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), root growth was suppressed and the mitotic index decreased. These inhibitory effects were positively correlated with EGTA concentration. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of several gene markers related to the G1/S transition of the cell cycle were significantly downregulated. Confocal microscopy of Fluo-3/AM-stained roots showed chelation of nearly all of the Ca2+ within the root meristematic regions. Both random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) techniques showed significant increases in the levels of genomic DNA polymorphisms and degree of DNA methylation. The study provides information concerning the impact of Ca2+ chelator, EGTA, on the growth, expression of cell cycle transition marker genes, and changes in DNA structure and methylation in the wheat roots

Probabilistic Compute-in-Memory Design For Efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo Sampling

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a widely used sampling method in modern artificial intelligence and probabilistic computing systems. It involves repetitive random number generations and thus often dominates the latency of probabilistic model computing. Hence, we propose a compute-in-memory (CIM) based MCMC design as a hardware acceleration solution. This work investigates SRAM bitcell stochasticity and proposes a novel ``pseudo-read'' operation, based on which we offer a block-wise random number generation circuit scheme for fast random number generation. Moreover, this work proposes a novel multi-stage exclusive-OR gate (MSXOR) design method to generate strictly uniformly distributed random numbers. The probability error deviating from a uniform distribution is suppressed under $10^{-5}$. Also, this work presents a novel in-memory copy circuit scheme to realize data copy inside a CIM sub-array, significantly reducing the use of R/W circuits for power saving. Evaluated in a commercial 28-nm process development kit, this CIM-based MCMC design generates 4-bit$\sim$32-bit samples with an energy efficiency of $0.53$~pJ/sample and high throughput of up to $166.7$M~samples/s. Compared to conventional processors, the overall energy efficiency improves $5.41\times10^{11}$ to $2.33\times10^{12}$ times

DeePMD-kit v2: A software package for Deep Potential models

DeePMD-kit is a powerful open-source software package that facilitates molecular dynamics simulations using machine learning potentials (MLP) known as Deep Potential (DP) models. This package, which was released in 2017, has been widely used in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and material science for studying atomistic systems. The current version of DeePMD-kit offers numerous advanced features such as DeepPot-SE, attention-based and hybrid descriptors, the ability to fit tensile properties, type embedding, model deviation, Deep Potential - Range Correction (DPRc), Deep Potential Long Range (DPLR), GPU support for customized operators, model compression, non-von Neumann molecular dynamics (NVNMD), and improved usability, including documentation, compiled binary packages, graphical user interfaces (GUI), and application programming interfaces (API). This article presents an overview of the current major version of the DeePMD-kit package, highlighting its features and technical details. Additionally, the article benchmarks the accuracy and efficiency of different models and discusses ongoing developments.Comment: 51 pages, 2 figure

Construction of grid color mixture model of seven primary-color and modified Stearns-Noechel color matching algorithm for color prediction of full-color-gamut rotor melange yarn

In this paper, the full-color-gamut grid color mixture model containing 601 grid points is constructed by ternary double coupling blending of seven primary-color fibers, and the spinning method of full-color-gamut melange yarn is given by combining with three-channel NC rotor spinning technology. A modified S-N color prediction model was constructed by selecting 55 uniformly distributed grid points for yarn and fabric production from the full-color-gamut grid color mixture model as samples for solving the reflectance conversion coefficients. On this basis, the method of predicting the color value of a melange yarn based on its primary-color fiber composition and blending ratio and predicting the primary-color fiber composition and blending ratio based on the color value of a melange yarn using the parameters of the nearest sample grid point is proposed, and six samples with different blending ratios in six color mixing regions of the full-color-gamut grid color mixture model are designed for validation. The results showed that the average color difference between the predicted color and the actual color of the melange yarn is 1.15, the predicted primary-color fiber composition of the melange yarn is consistent with the actual composition, and the average error between the predicted blending ratio and the actual blending ratio is 3.95%. The method proposed in this paper can effectively predict the color value and blending ratio of melange yarn

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Non-Coding RNA in Wheat Roots in Response to Ca2+ Channel Blocker

It remains unclear whether plant lncRNAs are responsive to Ca2+-channel blocking. When using the Ca2+-channel blocker, LaCl3, to treat germinated wheat seeds for 24 h, we found that both root length and mitosis were inhibited in the LaCl3-treated groups. The effect of the Ca2+-channel blocker was verified in three ways: a [Ca2+]cyt decrease detected using Fluo-3/AM staining, a decrease in the Ca content measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and an inhibition of Ca2+ influx detected using Non-invasive Micro-test Technology. Genome-wide high throughput RNA-seq and bioinformatical methods were used to identify lncRNAs, and found 177 differentially expressed lncRNAs that might be in responsive to Ca2+-channel blocking. Among these, 108 were up-regulated and 69 were down-regulated. The validity of identified lncRNAs data from RNA-seq was verified using qPCR. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that a number of lncRNAs might be involved in diverse biological processes upon Ca2+-channel blocking. Further GO analysis showed that 23 lncRNAs might play roles as transcription factor (TF); Moreover, eight lncRNAs might participate in cell cycle regulation, and their relative expressions were detected using qPCR. This study also provides diverse data on wheat lncRNAs that can deepen our understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of Ca2+-channel blocking in plants

DataSheet2.XLS

<p>It remains unclear whether plant lncRNAs are responsive to Ca²⁺-channel blocking. When using the Ca²⁺-channel blocker, LaCl₃, to treat germinated wheat seeds for 24 h, we found that both root length and mitosis were inhibited in the LaCl₃-treated groups. The effect of the Ca²⁺-channel blocker was verified in three ways: a [Ca²⁺]_cyt decrease detected using Fluo-3/AM staining, a decrease in the Ca content measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and an inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx detected using Non-invasive Micro-test Technology. Genome-wide high throughput RNA-seq and bioinformatical methods were used to identify lncRNAs, and found 177 differentially expressed lncRNAs that might be in responsive to Ca²⁺-channel blocking. Among these, 108 were up-regulated and 69 were down-regulated. The validity of identified lncRNAs data from RNA-seq was verified using qPCR. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that a number of lncRNAs might be involved in diverse biological processes upon Ca²⁺-channel blocking. Further GO analysis showed that 23 lncRNAs might play roles as transcription factor (TF); Moreover, eight lncRNAs might participate in cell cycle regulation, and their relative expressions were detected using qPCR. This study also provides diverse data on wheat lncRNAs that can deepen our understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of Ca²⁺-channel blocking in plants.</p

Image1.pdf

<p>It remains unclear whether plant lncRNAs are responsive to Ca²⁺-channel blocking. When using the Ca²⁺-channel blocker, LaCl₃, to treat germinated wheat seeds for 24 h, we found that both root length and mitosis were inhibited in the LaCl₃-treated groups. The effect of the Ca²⁺-channel blocker was verified in three ways: a [Ca²⁺]_cyt decrease detected using Fluo-3/AM staining, a decrease in the Ca content measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and an inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx detected using Non-invasive Micro-test Technology. Genome-wide high throughput RNA-seq and bioinformatical methods were used to identify lncRNAs, and found 177 differentially expressed lncRNAs that might be in responsive to Ca²⁺-channel blocking. Among these, 108 were up-regulated and 69 were down-regulated. The validity of identified lncRNAs data from RNA-seq was verified using qPCR. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that a number of lncRNAs might be involved in diverse biological processes upon Ca²⁺-channel blocking. Further GO analysis showed that 23 lncRNAs might play roles as transcription factor (TF); Moreover, eight lncRNAs might participate in cell cycle regulation, and their relative expressions were detected using qPCR. This study also provides diverse data on wheat lncRNAs that can deepen our understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of Ca²⁺-channel blocking in plants.</p

DataSheet1.XLS

<p>It remains unclear whether plant lncRNAs are responsive to Ca²⁺-channel blocking. When using the Ca²⁺-channel blocker, LaCl₃, to treat germinated wheat seeds for 24 h, we found that both root length and mitosis were inhibited in the LaCl₃-treated groups. The effect of the Ca²⁺-channel blocker was verified in three ways: a [Ca²⁺]_cyt decrease detected using Fluo-3/AM staining, a decrease in the Ca content measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and an inhibition of Ca²⁺ influx detected using Non-invasive Micro-test Technology. Genome-wide high throughput RNA-seq and bioinformatical methods were used to identify lncRNAs, and found 177 differentially expressed lncRNAs that might be in responsive to Ca²⁺-channel blocking. Among these, 108 were up-regulated and 69 were down-regulated. The validity of identified lncRNAs data from RNA-seq was verified using qPCR. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that a number of lncRNAs might be involved in diverse biological processes upon Ca²⁺-channel blocking. Further GO analysis showed that 23 lncRNAs might play roles as transcription factor (TF); Moreover, eight lncRNAs might participate in cell cycle regulation, and their relative expressions were detected using qPCR. This study also provides diverse data on wheat lncRNAs that can deepen our understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of Ca²⁺-channel blocking in plants.</p

Iron-Based Composite Oxide Catalysts Tuned by CTAB Exhibit Superior NH3–SCR Performance

Iron-based oxide catalysts for the NH3–SCR (selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3) reaction have gained attention due to their high catalytic activity and structural adjustability. In this work, iron–niobium, iron–titanate and iron–molybdenum composite oxides were synthesized by a co-precipitation method with or without the assistance of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The catalysts synthesized with the assistance of CTAB (FeM0.3Ox-C, M = Nb, Ti, Mo) showed superior SCR performance in an operating temperature range from 150 °C to 400 °C compared to those without CTAB addition (FeM0.3Ox, M = Nb, Ti, Mo). To reveal such enhancement, the catalysts were characterized by N2-physisorption, XRD (Powder X-ray diffraction), NH3-TPD (temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia), DRIFTS (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), and H2-TPR (H2-Total Physical Response). It was found that the crystalline phase of Fe2O3 formed was influenced by the presence of CTAB in the preparation process, which favored the formation of crystalline γ-Fe2O3. Owing to the changed structure, the redox-acid properties of FeM0.3Ox-C catalysts were modified, with higher exposure of acid sites and improved ability of NO oxidation to NO2 at low-temperature, both of which also contributed to the improvement of NOx conversion. In addition, the weakened redox ability of Fe prevented the over-oxidation of NH3, thus accounting for the greatly improved high-temperature activity as well as N2 selectivity