Formal Verification of Safety Properties for Ownership Authentication Transfer Protocol

In ubiquitous computing devices, users tend to store some valuable information in their device. Even though the device can be borrowed by the other user temporarily, it is not safe for any user to borrow or lend the device as it may cause private data of the user to be public. To safeguard the user data and also to preserve user privacy we propose and model the technique of ownership authentication transfer. The user who is willing to sell the device has to transfer the ownership of the device under sale. Once the device is sold and the ownership has been transferred, the old owner will not be able to use that device at any cost. Either of the users will not be able to use the device if the process of ownership has not been carried out properly. This also takes care of the scenario when the device has been stolen or lost, avoiding the impersonation attack. The aim of this paper is to model basic process of proposed ownership authentication transfer protocol and check its safety properties by representing it using CSP and model checking approach. For model checking we have used a symbolic model checker tool called NuSMV. The safety properties of ownership transfer protocol has been modeled in terms of CTL specification and it is observed that the system satisfies all the protocol constraint and is safe to be deployed.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures,Submitted to ADCOM 201

Study of adolescent clinic: holistic approach for women health with dual client methodology

Background: The study is done to understand the gynaecological problems in adolescent girls. Do counseling, imparting knowledge for the girl and her mother, hence creating a holistic approach towards the women health in the family by dual client approach.Methods: 400 adolescent girls attending the clinic were studied (prospective observational study). Hb%, S.TSH was done for all the girls. Ultrasonography abdomen and pelvis was done on patient basis. Treatment was given. Mothers were counseled regarding their gynecological issues and screening tests (pap smear, self breast examination) was done after taking consent.Results: 70% girls had menstrual disturbances, 20% had complains of vaginal discharge. 44% had anemia (4% had severe anemia). Subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in 8% of cases. Ultrasonography was done in 52% of cases in which 81 patients had features suggestive of polycystic ovaries. 85.5% of the adolescent girls were accompanied by their mothers. 12% girls took HPV vaccination and 52% mothers underwent pap smear.Conclusions: Teenage problems need to be dealt very sensitively. Counseling is an integral component of treatment strategies. At present, adolescent gynaecology remains an area to which increased awareness and greater attention should be given to promote the health of teenagers and incult healthy lifestyle practices. In the same set up even the mothers of girls can be given counseling and address their gynaecological issues as majority of times mothers are the accompanying person creating the dual client approach in one setting. Hence adolescent clinic should aim for holistic, dual client approach for improvement of overall women health in the family

Breast feeding knowledge, attitude and perspective in immediate postnatal mothers

Background: The aim of the study is to understand the knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding among postnatal mothers and optimize the breast feeding practices and overcome various factors that hinder and influence the full realization of benefits of breast feeding.Methods: The study was conducted in the postnatal ward of Rajarajeswari medical college and hospital, Bangalore. 500 postnatal mothers were included. A structured interview schedule was prepared to collect sociodemographic data, perceptions, knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers regarding breastfeeding. Data was collected by interviewing mothers (in their own language) using proforma.Results: About 100% of mothers and newborn infant have skin to skin contact within one hour of an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Majority of the mothers knew about the importance of breast feeding for babies and herself. Only 17% of the mothers were working in our study and majority of them had resigned from their work as there was no option of maternity leave and baby friendly work environment at their working places. 69% intended to breastfeed up to 6 months. 23% mothers discarded colostrum and 11% gave prelacteal feeds to their babies.Conclusions: The mothers should be encouraged and reinforced about the benefits of breastfeeding for both baby and herself. The workplace condition has to be improved and make it more breast feeding friendly. The study also will assist the health care providers and community workers to understand the attitude and practice in the area and help them to prioritize and focus on these aspects and decrease the incidence of suboptimal feeding practices

Retrospective Analysis of Hanging Cases Between 2016 and 2020 in Urban India

Background: Death by hanging is a vital health hazard worldwide; it is classified as violent mechanical deaths resulting from asphyxia. The manner of death in hanging is suicide in the majority of the cases, and accidental hanging is less common, and homicidal hanging is still less common. The study was aimed towards analyzing sociodemographic patterns, precipitating factors for committing hanging at Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Ballari, India.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the mortuary of VIMS, Ballari, Karnataka, India. From January 01, 2016, to December 31, 2020, 356 alleged hanging cases were brought to the mortuary for postmortem examination, and the cause of death was attributed to hanging. The necessary data were collected with the help of history, inquest reports, meticulous postmortem examination, etc. The results were obtained after tabulating and data analyzed with a cross-sectional study.Results: Of 356 cases of hanging, the majority of the cases were in the age group of 31-40 years (140 patients; i.e., 39.32%). Male preponderance was detected in 235(66%) cases, and most victims have married 199(56%) subjects. Concerning seasonal variation, we noted that the maximum number of suicides by hanging was reported in July to September 141(39.60%). Out of 356 hanging cases, 178(50%) were employed. The predisposing factor was Chronic illness in 136(38.20 %) cases, followed by financial stress and psychological problems in 120(33.70%) and 50(14.04%) cases, respectively. Most of the victims belonged to the Hindu religion, 290(82%) cases. Moreover, 320(90%) of cases had no suicide note.Conclusion: Hanging is challenging to prevent due to numerous concomitant factors, but psychological counseling, economic support, and education can reduce the incidence of hanging

Global Modeling of Spur Formation in Spiral Galaxies

We investigate the formation of substructure in spiral galaxies using global MHD simulations, including gas self-gravity. Our models extend previous local models by Kim and Ostriker (2002) by including the full effects of curvilinear coordinates, a realistic log-spiral perturbation, self-gravitational contribution from 5 radial wavelengths of the spiral shock, and variation of density and epicyclic frequency with radius. We show that with realistic Toomre Q values, self-gravity and galactic differential rotation produce filamentary gaseous structures with kpc-scale separations, regardless of the strength -- or even presence -- of a stellar spiral potential. However, the growth of sheared features distinctly associated with the spiral arms, described as spurs or feathers in optical and IR observations of many spiral galaxies, requires a sufficiently strong spiral potential in self gravitating models. Unlike independently-growing ''background'' filaments, the orientation of arm spurs depends on galactic location. Inside corotation, spurs emanate outward, on the convex side of the arm; outside corotation, spurs grow inward, on the concave side of the arm. Based on spacing, orientation, and the relation to arm clumps, it is possible to distinguish ''true spurs'' that originate as instabilities in the spiral arms from independently growing ''background'' filaments. Our models also suggest that magnetic fields are important in preserving grand design spiral structure when gas in the arms fragments via self-gravity into GMCs.Comment: 36 pages, 17 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ. PDF version with high resolution figures available at http://www.astro.umd.edu/~shetty/Research

Humic acids in sediments of North-Central Arabian Sea, west coast of India

Sediment samples (28) collected during the ORV Sagar Kanya cruise-29, were analysed for humic acid (HA) concentration from the North-Central Arabian Sea. Generally oceanic samples had more HA concentration than the continental shelf (< 200 m depth) samples. The photo-acoustic infrared spectra of shelf sediment HA indicated the presence of more C-H saturated aliphatic chains, while oceanic HA had few peaks for the above groups. Both the IR spectra indicated the absence of aromatic C = C, carbonyl, ketonic groups. Clayey-silt sediment generally had higher concentration of HA compared to sandy-silt type of sediment

Using CO line ratios to trace the physical properties of molecular clouds

The carbon monoxide (CO) rotational transition lines are the most common tracers of molecular gas within giant molecular clouds (MCs). We study the ratio ($R_{2-1/1-0}$) between CO's first two emission lines and examine what information it provides about the physical properties of the cloud. To study $R_{2-1/1-0}$ we perform smooth particle hydrodynamic simulations with time dependent chemistry (using GADGET-2), along with post-process radiative transfer calculations on an adaptive grid (using RADMC-3D) to create synthetic emission maps of a MC. $R_{2-1/1-0}$ has a bimodal distribution that is a consequence of the excitation properties of each line, given that $J=1$ reaches local thermal equilibrium (LTE) while $J=2$ is still sub-thermally excited in the considered clouds. The bimodality of $R_{2-1/1-0}$ serves as a tracer of the physical properties of different regions of the cloud and it helps constrain local temperatures, densities and opacities. Additionally this bimodal structure shows an important portion of the CO emission comes from diffuse regions of the cloud, suggesting that the commonly used conversion factor of $R_{2-1/1-0}\sim 0.7$ between both lines may need to be studied further.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted to MNRA

Evaluation of the oral hypoglycemic activity of methanolic extract of Garcinia indica seeds in streptozotocin induced diabetic Albino rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder with several microvascular and macrovascular complications. Several plants have been used as dietary adjuvants to conventional drug therapy. Garcinia indica exhibits significant hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of methanolic extract of seeds of Garcinia indica on blood glucose levels in Streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats.Methods: Five groups of wistar albino rats (n=6) weighing 150-200g of either sex aged 3-4 months were obtained for the study. After overnight fasting, streptozotocin (50mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. Five groups are: Group-1: Non diabetic control group, Group-2: diabetic control, Group-3: diabetic standard, Group-4: test group, Group-5: half of test + half of standard. Fasting blood sugar was estimated on 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28th day by capillary blood glucose method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.Results: In this study, following Streptozotocin administration the blood glucose levels increased in all groups on day 0. In group 2, blood glucose level gradually increased to 445.6±1.75mg/dl over a period of 4 weeks. Following glibenclamide administration in Group 3 - there was a gradual reduction in blood glucose levels: 269.8mg/dl - day 7 to 101.8mg/dl - week 4. Group 4 - persistent and significant (p<0.05) fall in blood glucose levels reaching upto 107mg/dl at the end of 4 weeks. Group 5 - 330mg/dl on day 1 which significantly (p<0.05) reduced to 101mg/dl on day 28. There was improvement in weight in group 4 and group 5 diabetic rats.Conclusions: The extract alone and in combination with glibenclamide showed significant hypoglycemic activity in comparison to diabetic control group

Induction of Lipoxygenase in downy mildew resistant seedlings of pearl millet in response to inoculation with Sclerospora graminicola

Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity was studied in seedlings of pearl millet genotypes resistant and susceptible to downy mildew pathogen Sclerospora graminicola. An increase in LOX activity was observed during the incompatible host-pathogen interaction whereas the activity decreased in compatible ones. Resistant pearl millet seedlings exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in LOX activity after inoculation with the pathogen. The enzyme activity was maximum at 18 h after inoculation. The enzyme activity was maximum in shoot portion of resistant genotype after inoculation. The enzyme activity correlated well with the degree of host-resistance to the pathogen. Substrate-based gel assay revealed five isozymes (LOX-1, LOX-2, LOX-3, LOX-4 &amp; LOX-5) in both susceptible and resistant genotype. An additional isozyme (LOX-6) was unique to only resistant genotype after inoculation