The Right to Education for the Retarded

This is the publisher's version, which is also available electronically from http://www.jstor.org/stable/42741904.Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performance of our most basic public responsibilities, even service in armed forces. It is the very foundation of good citizenship. Today, it is a principle instrument in awakening the child to cultural values, in preparing him for later professional training, and in helping him to adjust normally to his environment. In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms

John Henryism and the health of African-Americans

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45356/1/11013_2005_Article_BF01379448.pd

Acculturation and Blood Pressure in a Community-Based Sample of Chaldean-American Women

With the steady increase of non-European, non-English speaking immigrants to the United States, the relationship between acculturation and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an issue of growing importance to researchers interested in the health of new immigrant populations. The influence of acculturation processes on adverse changes in blood pressure (BP), a major risk factor for CVD, has been examined in Hispanic-Americans and Asian-Americans. Published studies on this relationship in Arab-Americans are lacking, however, despite their growing numbers. With a specific focus on Chaldean-Americans, a major subgroup of the large Arab-American population located in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan, the current study investigates the influence of level of acculturation on BP in a community probability sample of 130 Chaldean-American women. Study participants were interviewed in their homes (92% response rate). Physical measurements included BP, body mass index (BMI), and waist–hip ratio. Demographic and acculturation data were obtained through a standardized questionnaire. The crude hypertension prevalence in the sample was 16%. Three dimensions of acculturation were identified through content and factor analysis: English language preference, parental school involvement, and ethnic identity. In unadjusted analyses, both English language preference and Chaldean-American ethnic identity were associated ( p < 0.01) with lower mean BP, but these differences became nonsignificant when age, BMI, and waist–hip ratio were statistically controlled. Parental school involvement was not associated with BP in any analyses. In this study, the strongest predictors of BP were BMI and waist–hip ratio, both of which were inversely correlated with age, education, English language preference, employment outside the home, and parental school involvement. Future studies of acculturation and BP in Chaldean-Americans (and other Arab-American populations) should use improved measures of acculturation, broader assessments of behavioral and socioeconomic status, and larger samples that includes both genders.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44943/1/10903_2004_Article_226741.pd

Socioeconomic position, John Henryism, and incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Finnish men

Previous cross-sectional studies examining whether John Henryism (JH), or high-effort coping with socioeconomic adversity, potentiates the inverse association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular health have focused mainly on hypertension in African Americans. We conducted the first longitudinal test of this hypothesis on incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using data from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in Finland (N = 1405 men, 42-60 years). We hypothesized that the expected inverse gradient between SEP and AMI risk would be stronger for men scoring high on JH than for those scoring low. John Henryism was measured by a Finnish version of the JH Scale for Active Coping. Four different measures of SEP were used: childhood SEP, education, income, and occupation. AMI hazard ratios (HR) by SEP and JH were estimated using COX proportional hazard models, before and after adjustment for study covariates. 205 cases of AMI occurred over a median of 14.9 years. Men employed in lower rank (farmer, blue-collar) occupations who scored high on JH had significantly higher age-adjusted risks of AMI than men in higher rank (white-collar) occupations (HR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.65-5.98 for blue collar; HR = 2.33, 95% Cl: 1.04-5.22 for farmers) who also scored high on JH. No socioeconomic differences in AMI were observed for men who scored low on JH (HR = 136, 95% CI: 0.74 2.47 for blue collar; HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.59-1.48 for farmers; p = 0.002 for the SEP x JH interaction). These findings persisted after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, and biological factors. Results for other SEP measures were in the same direction, but did not reach statistical significance. Repetitive high-effort coping with adversity (John Henryism) was independently associated with increased risk for AMI in Finnish men, underscoring the potential relevance of the John Henryism hypothesis to CVD outcomes other than hypertension and to populations other than African Americans. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

An Observational Study of the Academic and Social Behaviors of Learning Disabled Adolescents in the Regular Classroom

This research was published by the KU Center for Research on Learning, formerly known as the University of Kansas Institute for Research in Learning Disabilities.This study examined the class performance of LD adolescents and the performance of their peers who are successful participants in the classroom environment . Data from live observations of 47 pairs of students (one LD and one non-LD student) were analyzed. The data reveal that the majority of student time was spent attending to work material and that very little interaction occurs between students and teachers. LD students spent more time in reading, writing, and notetaking and spent greater lengths of uninterrupted time in these behaviors. LD students engage in significantly more rule violations in the classroom than non-LD student. Results of this study suggest that there are many similarities and only a few differences between LD adolescents and their non-LD peers with regard to study, social, and classroom behaviors overtly observed in their regular classroom

The PedsQL™ Present Functioning Visual Analogue Scales: preliminary reliability and validity

BACKGROUND: The PedsQL™ Present Functioning Visual Analogue Scales (PedsQL™ VAS) were designed as an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) instrument to rapidly measure present or at-the-moment functioning in children and adolescents. The PedsQL™ VAS assess child self-report and parent-proxy report of anxiety, sadness, anger, worry, fatigue, and pain utilizing six developmentally appropriate visual analogue scales based on the well-established Varni/Thompson Pediatric Pain Questionnaire (PPQ) Pain Intensity VAS format. METHODS: The six-item PedsQL™ VAS was administered to 70 pediatric patients ages 5–17 and their parents upon admittance to the hospital environment (Time 1: T1) and again two hours later (Time 2: T2). It was hypothesized that the PedsQL™ VAS Emotional Distress Summary Score (anxiety, sadness, anger, worry) and the fatigue VAS would demonstrate moderate to large effect size correlations with the PPQ Pain Intensity VAS, and that patient" parent concordance would increase over time. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability was demonstrated from T1 to T2 in the large effect size range. Internal consistency reliability was demonstrated for the PedsQL™ VAS Total Symptom Score (patient self-report: T1 alpha = .72, T2 alpha = .80; parent proxy-report: T1 alpha = .80, T2 alpha = .84) and Emotional Distress Summary Score (patient self-report: T1 alpha = .74, T2 alpha = .73; parent proxy-report: T1 alpha = .76, T2 alpha = .81). As hypothesized, the Emotional Distress Summary Score and Fatigue VAS were significantly correlated with the PPQ Pain VAS in the medium to large effect size range, and patient and parent concordance increased from T1 to T2. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate preliminary test-retest and internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the PedsQL™ Present Functioning VAS instrument for both pediatric patient self-report and parent proxy-report. Further field testing is required to extend these initial findings to other ecologically relevant pediatric environments

Social Skills Performances of Learning Disabled, Non-Learning Disabled and Delinquent Adolescents

This research was published by the KU Center for Research on Learning, formerly known as the University of Kansas Institute for Research in Learning Disabilities.This study compared the social skills performances of LD adolescents on eight general social skills to the performances of two other groups of youths: a group of nonhandicapped adolescents who were members of a high school band (the non-LD group) and a group of court-adjudicated juvenile delinquent adolescents who had been referred for social skills training by their probation officers (the JD group). The results showed that the non-LD youths performed significantly better than the other two groups of youths on seven of the eight skills. The LD youths performed significantly better than the JD youths on only one skill, resisting peer pressure

Temperature dependence of amino acid transport in ehrlich ascites cells: with results which bear on the A-L distinction

We have examined the temperature dependence of maximal flux, JM, the half-saturation value, Km, and of the linear components, k, of the initial transport flux for -methionine, -tryptopah, glycine, -alanine, [alpha]-aminoisobutyric acid and -phenylalanine in Ehrlich ascites cells. For -alanine, [alpha]-aminoisobutyric acid and -phenylalanine we examined the initial flux in transport and in exchange for cells in Na+-containing and in Na+-free media.The maximal flux in transport falls with decrease in temperature, the activation energies falling in the range 11-20 kcal/mole.The Km decreased with decrease in temperature for -phenylalanine and -tryptophan with apparent activation energies of 20 and 15 kcal/mole respectively, For -methionine, glycine and -alanine the Km showed no dependence on temperature whereas for [alpha]-aminoisobutyric acid in increased as the temperature fell. For all amino acids, the Km appeared to be more variable a parameter of the initial flux than was the maximal flux.The results for the linear component of the uptake, k, also were highly variable, but k did decrease with a fall in temperature with activation energies falling in the range 5.8-17.7 kcal/mole.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32781/1/0000154.pd

Annular pancreas: endoscopic and pancreatographic findings from a tertiary referral ERCP center

Background and Aims Annular pancreas is a congenital anomaly whereby pancreatic tissue encircles the duodenum. Current knowledge of endoscopic findings of annular pancreas is limited to small case series. The aim of this study was to describe the endoscopic and pancreatographic findings of patients with annular pancreas at a large tertiary care ERCP center. Methods This is a retrospective observational study. Our Institutional Review Board–approved, prospectively collected ERCP database was queried for cases of annular pancreas. The electronic medical records were searched for patient and procedure-related data. Results From January 1, 1994, to December 31, 2016, 46 patients with annular pancreas underwent ERCP at our institution. Index ERCP was technically successful in 42 patients (91.3%), and technical success was achieved in all 46 patients (100%) after 2 attempts, when required. A duodenal narrowing or ring was found in most patients (n = 39, 84.8%), yet only 2 (4.3%) had retained gastric contents. Pancreas divisum was found in 21 patients (45.7%), 18 of which were complete divisum. Pancreatobiliary neoplasia was the indication for ERCP in 7 patients (15.2%). Pancreatographic findings consistent with chronic pancreatitis were noted in 15 patients (32.6%) at the index ERCP. Conclusion This is the largest series describing the endoscopic and pancreatographic findings of patients with annular pancreas. We found that 45.7% of patients had concurrent pancreas divisum. Endoscopic therapy was successful in most patients at our institution after 1 ERCP, and in all patients after a second ERCP. Nearly one-third of patients had findings consistent with chronic pancreatitis at the time of index ERCP. It is unclear whether this may be a feature of the natural history of annular pancreas