161 research outputs found
The occurrence of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs and cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep in Kosova
Deckblatt-Impressum
persönlicher Dank
Inhaltsverzeichnis
AbkĂŒrzungsverzeichnis
Einleitung
LiteraturĂŒbersicht
Eigene Untersuchungen
Ergebnisse
Diskussion
Zusammenfassung
Summary
Literaturverzeichnis
Anhang
Danksagung
Lebenslauf
SelbstĂ€ndigkeitserklĂ€rungIm Zeitraum von MĂ€rz 2003 bis Februar 2004 wurden Untersuchungen ĂŒber das
Vorkommen von Echinokokkose bei Hunden und zystischer Echinokokkose bei
Rindern und Schafen, sowie Erhebungen ĂŒber chirurgisch behandelte Hydatidose-
Patienten im Kosova durchgefĂŒhrt. Von den insgesamt 305 mit dem Flotations-
Ovassayverfahren als Feldtest untersuchten Hunden waren 23 (7.5%) Ausscheider
von Taeniiden-Eiern. AuĂer Taeniiden-Eier wurden auch Eier anderer Helminthen
nachgewiesen, nĂ€mlich HakenwĂŒrmer 139 (45.5%), Trichuris vulpis 87 (28.5%),
Toxocara canis 42 (13.7%), Toxascaris leonina 21 (6.8%) und Dipylidium caninum
8 (2.6%). 144 der 305 Kotproben von verschieden gehaltenen Hunden wurden
mittels des CA-ELISA (Koproantigen-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
untersucht. In 6 Proben wurde das Koproantigen von E. granulosus nachgewiesen.
Zur DNA-Gewinnung von Taeniiden-Eiern fĂŒr die PCR konnten mittels des
Flotations-Siebverfahrens in 21 (6.9%) der 305 Proben Taeniiden-Eier isoliert
werden. Eine HĂ€ufigkeit der kaninen Echinokokkose von 1.3% (4/305) konnte
durch die weitere Untersuchung von Taeniiden-Eiern in der PCR mit Primern
spezifisch fĂŒr E. granulosus- Schafstamm festgestellt werden. Die 4 mit dem
E. granulosus- Schafstamm positiven Proben stammten je von einem Haushund,
einem Streunerhund, einem Jagdhund und einem HĂŒtehund. Die HĂŒtehunde schieden
am meisten mit bis zu 38% Taeniiden-Eier aus, gefolgt von den Streunerhunden
mit 29%, Jagdhunden mit 19% und Haushunden mit 14%. Bei der semiquantitativen
Auswertung der ausgeschiedenen Taeniiden-Eier zeigten 4 mit dem E.
granulosus- Schafstamm positive Kotproben im Deckglas oder Kulturröhrchen
gering-mittelgradig Eier (2 bis 10 Eier). Dagegen waren Hunde, die hochgradig
(11-20 Eier) und massenhaft (>20 Eier) Taeniiden-Eier ausschieden, negativ fĂŒr
E. granulosus- Schafstamm mittels der PCR. Die Untersuchungen von Taeniiden-
Eiern auf E. multilocularis mittels der PCR verliefen negativ. Bei 87 (23.8%)
von insgesamt 365 Schlachtrindern konnte ein Befall mit zystischer
Echinokokkose festgestellt werden. Die Hydatiden wurden ausschlieĂlich sowohl
in der Leber als auch in der Lunge gefunden. In 80% der FĂ€lle konnten bis zu
10 Zysten gefunden werden. Die Zysten in der Lunge waren generell gröĂer als
in den Lebern. Es konnten keine fertilen Zysten mit Protoskolizes festgestellt
werden. Von insgesamt 147 untersuchten Schlachtschafen konnten bei 68 (46.2%)
Tieren Echinokokkenzysten nachgewiesen werden. Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage
zeigen, dass das Schlachten der Tiere auf dem Land ohne tierÀrztliche
Untersuchung eine groĂe Rolle in der Epidemiologie der Echinokokkose spielt.
Am hÀufigsten erfolgte die Schlachtung der Rinder im Winter und die mit
Hydatiden befallenen Organe wurden hauptsĂ€chlich an Hunden verfĂŒttert oder in
den MĂŒll geworfen. In zentralen UniversitĂ€tskrankenhaus Prishtina, Abteilung
chirurgisches Klinikum, wurden innerhalb der letzten 3 Jahre 163 Menschen an
zystischer Echinokokkose operiert, wobei drei Viertel der operierten Patienten
aus dem ruralen und ein Viertel aus dem urbanen Umfeld stammten.Surveys were carried out during the period March 2003 February 2004 to
assess the occurrence of echinococcosis in dogs and cystic echinococcosis in
cattle and sheep. Additionally, the incidence of surgically treated-
hydatidosis patients was investigated. Shedding of taeniid eggs was found in
23 (7.5%) out of a total of 305 dogs, using the flotation-ovassay technique.
Eggs from other helminths were detected as well: hookworms 139 (45.5%),
Trichuris vulpis 87 (28.5%), Toxocara canis 42 (13.7%), Toxascaris leonina 21
(6.8%) and Dypilidium caninum 8 (2.6%). The CA-ELISA (Coproantigen-Enzyme-
Linked Immunosorbent Assay) was used in a sample of 144 out of the total 305
faecal samples from dogs maintained under different managment systems. In six
samples (1.96%) coproantigens of E. granulosus were detected. The flotation-
sieving technique was applied to collect taeniid eggs for PCR; of the 305
samples 21 (6.9%) contained taeniid eggs. In these positive samples specific
PCR primers for E. granulosus- sheep strain found 1.3% (4/305) positive with
canine echinococcosis. The isolates originated from one stray dog, two animals
used for hunting and sheepdogs, respectively, and the last case was a pet dog.
Most of the eggs (38%) were shedded from the sheep dogs, followed by the stray
dogs (29%), hunting dogs (19%) and pat dogs (14%). A semi-quantitative
analysis of the shedded taeniid eggs showed low-moderate (2-10) egg counts of
E. granulosus ( sheep strain ) under a cover slip or in culture tube. However,
dogs shedding high (11-20) or very high numbers (>20) of eggs, were found
negative when using the PCR for the E. granulosus- sheep strain . Specific
primers for E. multilocularis did not react with the taeniid eggs. Out of a
total of 365 slaughtered cattle 87 (23.8%) were infested with cystic
echinococcosis. Only lungs and liver were infested. Up to 10 cysts could be
detected in 80% of all cases. The cysts found in the lungs were generally
larger than those from the livers. No cases of fertile cysts with
protoscolices were detected. Echinococcosis cysts were found in 68 (46.2%) of
147 slaughtered sheep. The results indicate that the habit of domestic
slaughtering of livestock without veterinary supervision can play a very
important role in the epidemiology of echinococcosis. Slaughtering of cattle
is generally performed during winter and the contaminated organs are either
given to dogs or discarded. During the last three years 163 patients had to
undergo clinical surgery for removal of cystic echinococcosis in the central
university hospital of Prishtina. About 75% of these came from rural areas,
the remainder were living in urban areas
Bleeding Ulcers: Effect of low dose Aspirin - Our experience
Aspirin is among the most commonly used pharmaceutical products used for the management of fever, to relieve mild to moderate pain, to reduce swelling in inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, while a low dose aspirin is used to prevent blood clots. The latter effect reduces the risk of stroke and heart attack. However, its use is associated with gastrointestinal and other complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of aspirin in bleeding ulcers. 122 patients were included in this prospective comparative study that were divided in two groups: the first group consisting of 60 patients that were treated with low dose Aspirin, and the second group consisting of 62 patients that were treated with low dose aspirin and pantoprazole (a proton pump inhibitor). All the patients had positive history for previous ulcer disease in whom bleeding ulcers were evaluated with endoscopic examinations during 12 months of treatment. The mean age of the patients with bleeding ulcers in the study was 60.4±14.3 years, of whom 68.8% were males and 31.2 % were females. In the aspirin only treated group, after 12 months of administration, bleeding ulcers were present in 11 patients (18.3 %) while in the group that were co-prescribed aspirin and pantoprazole were present only in 3 (4.8 %) patients. Findings from this study show that the prevalence of bleeding ulcers is significantly higher in the group treated with aspirin as monotherapy compared to the group that were co-prescribed aspirin and pantoprazole. Gastroprotection with proton pump inhibitors is essential in patients with positive history of gastrointestinal ulcers in the past that need long-term use of prophylactic low-dose aspirin
Development and Improvement of the Quality of the Mobile Services at the Mobile Market in Macedonia
To determine the strategic direction for the development of electronic communications market in the part of mobile telecommunication services in Republic of Macedonia, the Agency for electronic communication has made an assessment of the regulatory progress and that has been made in recent years. The needs are in order to obtain a clear strategy for the development of the mobile telecommunication market in Macedonia, and primarily will create a clear picture in the: technical, financial, operational and competitive segments. Republic of Macedonia at this moment has 2 mobile operators with own network and the third mobile virtual operator. They are with excellent prospects in this direction and potential that enables low-cost services to the users. This shows that in Macedonia the telecommunication services are with high quality and the lower prices. They are currently among the lowest in the region and in Europe. The analysis in this paper are made according to the actual results achieved of the situation on the mobile market and some basic recommendations for their better development, better quality and better prices
Suggestions and recommendations for fulfillment and implementation of the project for Broadband internet in Macedonia
Nowadays, broadband is defined on the basis of a number of parameters that can be offered through existing electronic communications networks (fixed or mobile networks) and the construction of some next generation of advanced electronic communications networks. This is extremely important for the quality of the received service, because with the existence of a quality electronic communication network, you will distribute a quality and fast data transfer to the end users, some of whom actually want it. Optical cable, among other types of cables, using the Operator and the access method known as fiber to the home , has a very good advantage for the end user, who uses the required service. On the other hand, wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, Wi-Max and GSM / GPRS / UMTS / HSDPA, 4G and 5G are also new ways to access the Internet. This electronic communication infrastructure owned by a Public Operator for Electronic Communications Services (eg optical network or wireless 4G or 5G network) would be able to provide to the users significantly higher speed and security in data transmission, consistency at speeds, reduced error rates of real-time applications (video streaming, video communication, etc.). This paper provides suggestions and recommendations for fulfilling and implementing the broadband projest. It clarifies in which segments corrections should be made in the regulatory acts, with legal and by the laws. The real situation in the part of the broadband internet in our state is summarized in which direction the goals for improvement and fulfillment of the functioning of the broadband internet should move in the future
SPACE SHOOTER
Në ditët e sotme, telefonët e mençur janë bërë pjesë e jetës për secilin prej nesh. Koha të cilën e kalon një njeri në telefon është rritur thuajse proporcionalisht me zvogëlimin e kohës të cilën njeriu e kalon në kompjuter, që do të thotë se telefonët e mençur me te vertete kane pushtuar dhe po vazhdojne ta pushtojne tregun e teknologjise.
Telefonet e menqur perdoren si punekryes te shum operacioneve qe na nevoiten siq jane telefonatat e ndryshme, mesazhet, komunikimi ne rrjetet sociale, por gjithashtu duke mos anashkaluar edhe luajtjen e lojrave.
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Invalidity of Legal Action in the Albanian Legal System
This work is devoted to issues related to legislation on invalidity of legal actions, causes, consequences of invalidity and court districts practice issues related to the nullification of judicial acts. In this paper, major attention is given to the Civil College decisions and unifying decisions of the United Colleges of the High Court, as a highly professional and interpretative practice. This paper starts with a general explanation of the meaning of legal action and invalidity as a concept, of the forecasts built in the Civil Code, the classification of conditions for declaring an action null and void absolutely or relatively, the consequences of invalidity, cases of judicial practice, etc. The final section is a summary of the conclusions of the whole paper
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