Studies of surface alloy as high efficient electrocatalyst for glyoxylic acid synthesis

运用电化学方法，研制了三种表面合金（ＰｂＳｂＰｔ／ＧＣ，ＳｂＰｔ／ＧＣ，ＰｂＰｔ／ＧＣ）电催化剂，发现在草酸还原生成乙醛酸的电有机合成中这些表面合金电催化剂有较高的活性，其起始还原电位分别比在Ｐｂ阴极上（１．１Ｖ）提前了０．４８～０．７０Ｖ。这三种表面合金电催化剂的活性次序为：ＰｂＳｂＰｔ／ＧＣ＞ＳｂＰｔ／ＧＣ＞ＰｂＰｔ／ＧＣ。红外光谱结果表明，在这些表面合金电极上草酸还原产物主要为乙醛酸。作者联系地址：厦门大学化学系固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室Author's Address: Dept. of Chem., State Key Lab. for Phys. Chem. of the Solid Surf.,Inst. of Phys. Chem., Xiamen Univ., Xiamen 36100

Genomic Analyses Reveal Mutational Signatures and Frequently Altered Genes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the fourth most lethal cancer in China. However, although genomic studies have identified some mutations associated with ESCC, we know little of the mutational processes responsible. To identify genome-wide mutational signatures, we performed either whole-genome sequencing (WGS) or whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 104 ESCC individuals and combined our data with those of 88 previously reported samples. An APOBEC-mediated mutational signature in 47% of 192 tumors suggests that APOBEC-catalyzed deamination provides a source of DNA damage in ESCC. Moreover, PIK3CA hotspot mutations (c.1624G>A [p.Glu542Lys] and c.1633G>A [p.Glu545Lys]) were enriched in APOBEC-signature tumors, and no smoking-associated signature was observed in ESCC. In the samples analyzed by WGS, we identified focal (<100 kb) amplifications of CBX4 and CBX8. In our combined cohort, we identified frequent inactivating mutations in AJUBA, ZNF750, and PTCH1 and the chromatin-remodeling genes CREBBP and BAP1, in addition to known mutations. Functional analyses suggest roles for several genes (CBX4, CBX8, AJUBA, and ZNF750) in ESCC. Notably, high activity of hedgehog signaling and the PI3K pathway in approximately 60% of 104 ESCC tumors indicates that therapies targeting these pathways might be particularly promising strategies for ESCC. Collectively, our data provide comprehensive insights into the mutational signatures of ESCC and identify markers for early diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets

Development and Research of a Multi-Medium Motion Capture System for Underwater Intelligent Agents

A multi-medium motion capture system based on markers&rsquo; visual detection is developed and experimentally demonstrated for monitoring underwater intelligent agents such as fish biology and bionic robot-fish. Considering the refraction effect between air and water, a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction model is established, which can be utilized to reconstruct the 3D coordinate of markers underwater from 2D data. Furthermore, the process of markers matching is undertaken through the multi-lens fusion perception prediction combined K-Means clustering algorithm. Subsequently, in order to track the marker of being occluded, according to the kinematics information of fish, an improved Kalman filtering algorithm is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed system are verified through experimental results. The main models and methods in this paper can provide a reference and inspiration for measurement of underwater intelligent agents

Ecological health analysis of wetlands in the middle reaches of Yangtze River under changing environment

Changes in wetland ecosystems have a critical impact on the local ecology and species diversity. Different development scenarios and policies are key factors influencing their changes. Therefore, we studied changes of wetlands in the middle Yangtze River basin (MYRB) in 2001–2020, and a patch-generated land use simulation (PLUS) model and random forest (RF) method were applied to predict and analyze the changes under different scenarios in the MYRB in the future (i.e.2035–2095). The results indicated that: (1) The regions with high wetland proportions were concentrated in the central and eastern MYRB in 2001–2020, with a 1.5% decrease in overall wetland area; (2) The RF could simulate the future ecological quality with training and testing accuracies of 0.98 and 0.92, respectively; (3) Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) less than 0.5 in the central and eastern regions and 13.3% reduction in the northwest in the SSP245 scenario. In general, the study provides a basis for future regional studies of ecosystem quality and provides data to support wetland conservation and management

Long-term progression-free survival in an advanced lung adenocarcinoma patient harboring EZR-ROS1 rearrangement: a case report

Abstract Background Crizotinib is recommended as first-line therapy in ROS1-driven lung adenocarcinoma. However, the optimal first-line therapy for this subgroup of lung cancer is controversial according to the available clinical data. Case presentation Here, we describe a 57-year-old man who was diagnosed with stage IIIB lung adenocarcinoma and EGFR/KRAS/ALK-negative tumors. The patient received six cycles of pemetrexed plus cisplatin as first-line therapy and then pemetrexed as maintenance treatment, with a progression-free survival (PFS) of 42 months. The patient relapsed and underwent re-biopsy. EZR-ROS1 fusion mutation was detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The patient was prescribed crizotinib as second-line therapy and achieved a PFS of 6 months. After disease progression, lorlatinib was administered as third-line therapy, with a favorable response. Conclusions Prolonged PFS in patients receiving pemetrexed chemotherapy might be related to the EZR-ROS1 fusion mutation. Lorlatinib is an optimal choice in patients showing crizotinib resistance

Crystallographic Investigations into Properties of Acentric Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals NH(CH₃)₃SnX₃ (X = Cl, Br)

The hybrid perovskites with special optoelectronic properties have attracted more attention to the scientific and industrial applications. However, because of the toxicity and instability of lead complexes, there is interest in finding a nontoxic substitute for the lead in the halides perovskites and solving the ambiguous crystal structures and phase transition of NH­(CH₃)₃SnX₃ (X = Cl, Br). Here, we report the bulk crystal growths and different crystal morphologies of orthorhombic hybrid perovskites NH­(CH₃)₃SnX₃ (X = Cl, Br) in an ambient atmosphere by bottom-seeded solution growth (BSSG) method. More importantly, detailed structural determination and refinements, phase transition, band gap, band structure calculations, nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, XPS, thermal properties, and stability of NH­(CH₃)₃SnX₃ (X = Cl, Br) single crystals are demonstrated. NH­(CH₃)₃SnCl₃ single crystal undergoes reversible structural transformation from orthorhombic space group <i>Cmc</i>2₁ (no. 36) to monoclinic space group <i>Cc</i> (no. 9) and NH­(CH₃)₃SnBr₃ belongs to the orthorhombic space group <i>Pna</i>2₁ (no. 33) by DSC, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and temperature-dependent SHG measurements, which clarify the former results. These results should pave the way for further studies of these materials in optoelectronics

Crystallographic Investigations into Properties of Acentric Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals NH(CH₃)₃SnX₃ (X = Cl, Br)

The hybrid perovskites with special optoelectronic properties have attracted more attention to the scientific and industrial applications. However, because of the toxicity and instability of lead complexes, there is interest in finding a nontoxic substitute for the lead in the halides perovskites and solving the ambiguous crystal structures and phase transition of NH­(CH₃)₃SnX₃ (X = Cl, Br). Here, we report the bulk crystal growths and different crystal morphologies of orthorhombic hybrid perovskites NH­(CH₃)₃SnX₃ (X = Cl, Br) in an ambient atmosphere by bottom-seeded solution growth (BSSG) method. More importantly, detailed structural determination and refinements, phase transition, band gap, band structure calculations, nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, XPS, thermal properties, and stability of NH­(CH₃)₃SnX₃ (X = Cl, Br) single crystals are demonstrated. NH­(CH₃)₃SnCl₃ single crystal undergoes reversible structural transformation from orthorhombic space group <i>Cmc</i>2₁ (no. 36) to monoclinic space group <i>Cc</i> (no. 9) and NH­(CH₃)₃SnBr₃ belongs to the orthorhombic space group <i>Pna</i>2₁ (no. 33) by DSC, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and temperature-dependent SHG measurements, which clarify the former results. These results should pave the way for further studies of these materials in optoelectronics

Thermoelectric properties and transport mechanism of Cu0.5In0.5Cr2Se4 and its Zn-doped samples

The thermoelectric properties and transport mechanism of Cu0.5In0.5Cr2Se4 and its Zn-doped samples were studied. In the middle and low temperature range, the electrical resistivity of Cu0.5In0.5Cr2Se4 decreases and Seebeck coefficient increases with the increase of temperature, indicating the fixed range hopping behavior of Anderson's localization. Two abnormal declines emerge simultaneously in resistivity and Seebeck coefficient at high temperatures, indicating a band regulation by temperature. After slight Zn-doping, the carrier concentration decreases slightly and the carrier mobility increases obviously, realizing electron delocalization. Both of resistivity and Seebeck coefficient decrease with further increasing Zn doping content due to the enhanced carrier concentration, resulting in the improved power factor. The thermal conductivity is extremely low in the pristine Cu0.5In0.5Cr2Se4 and increases with increasing Zn-doping. Due to the significant enlargement of power factor and relatively weak increase of thermal conductivity, the ZT value is enhanced by Zn doping from 0.30 of the pristine sample to 0.40 for the sample with 3.5% Zn doping at 773 K. Moreover, a factor of about 60% improvement of the average ZT is reported on the Zn-doped Cu0.5In0.5Cr2Se4 sample, reaching 0.26 over the temperature range between 323 K and 773 K