An Area Recommendation Method Using Similarity Analysis for Play Patterns in MMORPG

Recently, game companies have been increasingly offering a variety of content in their games. The more this happens, the more players will need to consider what is best for them. Players who have played such a game may not find it difficult to play, but those who are not used to play may have a hard time finding content. Therefore, in this paper, we try to give a customized guide to players in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). We compare the similarity of growth speeds and visited areas, and then utilize this information to recommend the most similar characters. In this work, the K-means algorithm is used for clustering based on location, the Euclidean distance is calculated to recommend similar characters with similar growth speeds. In addition, Jaccard Similarity is introduced to recommend similar characters with similar access areas. Finally, we propose a method to recommend suitable areas by applying the access speed to the recommended characters in the previous steps. Our method achieves Precision and Recall of 0.74 and 0.81, respectively, on the real-life PvE (Player VS Environment) dataset

An Area Recommendation Method Using Similarity Analysis for Play Patterns in MMORPG

Recently, game companies have been increasingly offering a variety of content in their games. The more this happens, the more players will need to consider what is best for them. Players who have played such a game may not find it difficult to play, but those who are not used to play may have a hard time finding content. Therefore, in this paper, we try to give a customized guide to players in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). We compare the similarity of growth speeds and visited areas, and then utilize this information to recommend the most similar characters. In this work, the K-means algorithm is used for clustering based on location, the Euclidean distance is calculated to recommend similar characters with similar growth speeds. In addition, Jaccard Similarity is introduced to recommend similar characters with similar access areas. Finally, we propose a method to recommend suitable areas by applying the access speed to the recommended characters in the previous steps. Our method achieves Precision and Recall of 0.74 and 0.81, respectively, on the real-life PvE (Player VS Environment) dataset

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Real-Time Joint Optimal Power Split for Battery–Ultracapacitor–Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Hybrid energy storage systems for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) consisting of multiple complementary energy sources are becoming increasingly popular as they reduce the risk of running out of electricity and increase the overall lifetime of the battery. However, designing an efficient power split optimization algorithm for HEVs is a challenging task due to their complex structure. Thus, in this paper, we propose a model that jointly learns the optimal power split for a battery/ultracapacitor/fuel cell HEV. Concerning the mechanical system of the HEV, two propulsion machines with complementary operation characteristics are employed to achieve higher efficiency. Additionally, to train and evaluate the model, standard driving cycles and real driving cycles are employed as input to the mechanical system. Then, given the inputs, a temporal attention long short-term memory model predicts the next time step velocity, and through that velocity, the predicted load power and its corresponding optimal power split is computed by a soft actor–critic deep reinforcement learning model whose training phase is aided by shaped reward functions. In contrast to global optimization techniques, the local velocity and load power prediction without future knowledge of the driving cycle is a step toward real-time optimal energy management. The experimental results show that the proposed method is robust to different initial states of charge values, better allocates the power to the energy sources and thus better manages the state of charge of the battery and the ultracapacitor. Additionally, the use of two motors significantly increases the efficiency of the system, and the prediction step is shown to be a reliable way to plan the HESS power split in advance

Real Driving Cycle-Based State of Charge Prediction for EV Batteries Using Deep Learning Methods

An accurate prediction of the State of Charge (SOC) of an Electric Vehicle (EV) battery is important when determining the driving range of an EV. However, the majority of the studies in this field have either been focused on the standard driving cycle (SDC) or the internal parameters of the battery itself to predict the SOC results. Due to the significant difference between the real driving cycle (RDC) and SDC, a proper method of predicting the SOC results with RDCs is required. In this paper, RDCs and deep learning methods are used to accurately estimate the SOC of an EV battery. RDC data for an actual driving route have been directly collected by an On-Board Diagnostics (OBD)-II dongle connected to the author’s vehicle. The Global Positioning System (GPS) data of the traffic lights en route are used to segment each instance of the driving cycles where the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm is adopted, to obtain the most similar patterns among the driving cycles. Finally, the acceleration values are predicted from deep learning models, and the SOC trajectory for the next trip will be obtained by a Functional Mock-Up Interface (FMI)-based EV simulation environment where the predicted accelerations are fed into the simulation model by each time step. As a result of the experiments, it was confirmed that the Temporal Attention Long–Short-Term Memory (TA-LSTM) model predicts the SOC more accurately than others

Combined Analysis of Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein and MAGE-A3-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood for Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

We investigated the feasibility of the combined detection of HLA-A2/MAGE-A3 epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for specific diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We detected the frequency of MAGE-A3 epitopes (p112–120, KVAELVHFL) in spontaneous CTLs in the peripheral blood of HCC patients, liver cirrhosis patients, and healthy subjects with HLA-A2/polypeptide complex (pentamer) detection technology. Eighty-five HCC cases, 38 liver cirrhosis cases, and 50 healthy cases who were HLA-A2-positive were selected from 175 HCC patients, 80 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 105 healthy volunteers, respectively. The frequency of HLA-A2-specific MAGE-A3+ CTLs in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Combined detection of MAGE-A3+ CTL frequency and serum AFP value had a higher specificity than either of the two indicators alone. The pentamer technique is helpful in distinguishing benign lesions and malignant lesions in the liver. Combined with serum AFP, it can improve the diagnosis performance for HCC, especially for AFP-negative cancer