212 research outputs found
Chaos analysis of ship rolling motion in stochastic beam seas
In this paper, the chaotic motion of ship roll in stochastic beam seas, which is regarded as a bounded noise is investigated in detail. The stochastic Melnikov approach is applied to the model and the criterion for the chaos in the mean-square sense is derived. The chaotic thresholds of noise parameters obtained by means of the stochastic Melnikov process are verified by the numerical safe basin. Besides of the factors of noise disturbances, the effects of the other parameters in the system on safe basin are also discussed systematically. The varieties of coefficients of the restoring moment can also induce the erosion of safe basin and lead to the occurrence of the chaos. On the other hand, the increase of damping coefficients can enhance the safe domain of ship sailing
Group-Based Asynchronous Distributed Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers in Multicore Cluster
The distributed alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is one of the effective methods to solve the global consensus optimization problem. Considering the differences between the communication of intra-nodes and inter-nodes in multicore cluster, we propose a group-based asynchronous distributed ADMM (GAD-ADMM) algorithm: based on the traditional star topology network, the grouping layer is added. The workers are grouped according to the process allocation in nodes and model similarity of datasets, and the group local variables are used to replace the local variables to compute the global variable. The algorithm improves the communication efficiency of the system by reducing communication between nodes and accelerates the convergence speed by relaxing the global consistency constraint. Finally, the algorithm is used to solve the logistic regression problem in a multicore cluster. The experiments on the Ziqiang 4000 showed that the GAD-ADMM reduces the system time cost by 35 % compared with the AD-ADMM
Data-driven design of multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials for near-field thermal radiative modulator with high modulation contrast
The thermal modulator based on the near-field radiative heat transfer has
wide applications in thermoelectric diodes, thermoelectric transistors, and
thermal storage. However, the design of optimal near-field thermal radiation
structure is a complex and challenging problem due to the tremendous number of
degrees of freedom. In this work, we have proposed a data-driven machine
learning workflow to efficiently design multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials
composed of -MoO for near-field thermal radiative modulator
with high modulation contrast. By combining the multilayer perceptron and
Bayesian optimization, the rotation angle, layer thickness and gap distance of
the multilayer metamaterials are optimized to achieve a maximum thermal
modulation contrast ratio of 6.29. This represents a 97% improvement compared
to previous single layer structure. The large thermal modulation contrast is
mainly attributed to the alignment and misalignment of hyperbolic plasmon
polaritons and hyperbolic surface phonon polaritons of each layer controlled by
the rotation. The results provide a promising way for accelerating the
designing and manipulating of near-field radiative heat transfer by anisotropic
hyperbolic materials through the data-driven style
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor inhibits apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant pancreatic cancer cells via upregulation of EGFR and ERCC 1 expressions
Purpose: To investigate the influence of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) on apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant pancreatic cancer cells, as well as its mechanism of action.
Methods: Pancreatic cancer cisplatin-resistant cells (BXPC-3/CDDP) were transfected with HB-EGF small interfering RNA (siRNA). The cells were randomly assigned to four groups, namely, BXPC-3 group (group A), BXPC-3/CDDP group (group B), transfected group A (group Asi) and transfected group B (group Bsi). Cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay, and the levels of expression of HBEGF, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC 1) were determined using Western blotting. The extent of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry.
Results: Cell proliferation was increased in group B, relative to group A, but was significantly decreased after transfection with HB-EGF siRNA (p < 0.05). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of group Bsi was reduced, relative to group Asi (p < 0.05). The expression of HB-EGF was significantly upregulated in group B, relative to group A (p < 0.05). In contrast, HB-EGF siRNA transfection of the cells significantly down-regulated HB-EGF expression (p < 0.05). Early apoptosis was significantly higher in group A than in groups B and Bsi. Higher levels of apoptosis were seen in group Bsi, relative to group B after inhibition of HB-EGF expression (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These results indicate that HB-EGF is resistant to cisplatin, and it inhibits apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via the upregulation of EGFR and ERCC 1 expressions
Exploring high thermal conductivity polymers via interpretable machine learning with physical descriptors
The efficient and economical exploitation of polymers with high thermal
conductivity is essential to solve the issue of heat dissipation in organic
devices. Currently, the experimental preparation of functional thermal
conductivity polymers remains a trial and error process due to the
multi-degrees of freedom during the synthesis and characterization process. In
this work, we have proposed a high-throughput screening framework for polymer
chains with high thermal conductivity via interpretable machine learning and
physical-feature engineering. The polymer thermal conductivity datasets for
training were first collected by molecular dynamics simulation. Inspired by the
drug-like small molecule representation and molecular force field, 320 polymer
monomer descriptors were calculated and the 20 optimized descriptors with
physical meaning were extracted by hierarchical down-selection. All the machine
learning models achieve a prediction accuracy R2 greater than 0.80, which is
superior to that of represented by traditional graph descriptors. Further, the
cross-sectional area and dihedral stiffness descriptors were identified for
positive/negative contribution to thermal conductivity, and 107 promising
polymer structures with thermal conductivity greater than 20.00 W/mK were
obtained. Mathematical formulas for predicting the polymer thermal conductivity
were also constructed by using symbolic regression. The high thermal
conductivity polymer structures are mostly {\pi}-conjugated, whose overlapping
p-orbitals enable easily to maintain strong chain stiffness and large group
velocities. The proposed data-driven framework should facilitate the
theoretical and experimental design of polymers with desirable properties
Disrupted Structural Brain Connectome Is Related to Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Ischemic Leukoaraiosis
Ischemic leukoaraiosis (ILA) is related to cognitive impairment and vascular dementia in the elderly. One possible mechanism could be the disruption of white matter (WM) tracts and network function that connect distributed brain regions involved in cognition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between structural connectome and cognitive functions in ILA patients. A total of 89 patients with ILA (Fazekas score ≥ 3) and 90 healthy controls (HCs) underwent comprehensive neuropsychological examinations and diffusion tensor imaging scans. The tract-based spatial statistics approach was employed to investigate the WM integrity. Graph theoretical analysis was further applied to construct the topological architecture of the structural connectome in ILA patients. Partial correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between network measures and cognitive performances in the ILA group. Compared with HCs, the ILA patients showed widespread WM integrity disruptions. The ILA group displayed increased characteristic path length (Lp) and decreased global network efficiency at the level of the whole brain relative to HCs, and reduced nodal efficiencies, predominantly in the frontal–subcortical and limbic system regions. Furthermore, these structural connectomic alterations were associated with cognitive impairment in ILA patients. The association between WM changes (i.e., fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity measures) and cognitive function was mediated by the structural connectivity measures (i.e., local network efficiency and Lp). In conclusion, cognitive impairment in ILA patients is related to microstructural disruption of multiple WM fibers and topological disorganization of structural networks, which have implications in understanding the relationship between ILA and the possible attendant cognitive impairment
Enhancing thermoelectric properties of isotope graphene nanoribbons via machine learning guided manipulation of disordered antidots and interfaces
Structural manipulation at the nanoscale breaks the intrinsic correlations
among different energy carrier transport properties, achieving high
thermoelectric performance. However, the coupled multifunctional (phonon and
electron) transport in the design of nanomaterials makes the optimization of
thermoelectric properties challenging. Machine learning brings convenience to
the design of nanostructures with large degree of freedom. Herein, we conducted
comprehensive thermoelectric optimization of isotopic armchair graphene
nanoribbons (AGNRs) with antidots and interfaces by combining Green's function
approach with machine learning algorithms. The optimal AGNR with ZT of 0.894 by
manipulating antidots was obtained at the interfaces of the aperiodic isotope
superlattices, which is 5.69 times larger than that of the pristine structure.
The proposed optimal structure via machine learning provides physical insights
that the carbon-13 atoms tend to form a continuous interface barrier
perpendicular to the carrier transport direction to suppress the propagation of
phonons through isotope AGNRs. The antidot effect is more effective than
isotope substitution in improving the thermoelectric properties of AGNRs. The
proposed approach coupling energy carrier transport property analysis with
machine learning algorithms offers highly efficient guidance on enhancing the
thermoelectric properties of low-dimensional nanomaterials, as well as to
explore and gain non-intuitive physical insights
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with severe COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China: a retrospective multicentre cohort study
BACKGROUND
Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major health event that endangers people health throughout China and the world. Understanding the factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity could support the early identification of patients with high risk for disease progression, inform prevention and control activities, and potentially reduce mortality. This study aims to describe the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and factors associated with severe or critically ill presentation in Jiangsu province, China.
METHODS
Multicentre retrospective cohort study of all individuals with confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections diagnosed at 24 COVID-19-designated hospitals in Jiangsu province between the 10th January and 15th March 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were collected at hospital admission and data on disease severity were collected during follow-up. Patients were categorised as asymptomatic/mild/moderate, and severe/critically ill according to the worst level of COVID-19 recorded during hospitalisation.
RESULTS
A total of 625 patients, 64 (10.2%) were severe/critically ill and 561 (89.8%) were asymptomatic/mild/moderate. All patients were discharged and no patients died. Patients with severe/critically ill COVID-19 were more likely to be older, to be single onset (i.e. not belong to a cluster of cases in a family/community, etc.), to have a medical history of hypertension and diabetes; had higher temperature, faster respiratory rates, lower peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO), and higher computer tomography (CT) image quadrant scores and pulmonary opacity percentage; had increased C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and D-dimer on admission; and had lower white blood cells, lymphocyte, and platelet counts and albumin on admission than asymptomatic/mild/moderate cases. Multivariable regression showed that odds of being a severe/critically ill case were associated with age (year) (OR 1.06, 95%CI 1.03-1.09), lymphocyte count (10/L) (OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.08-0.74), and pulmonary opacity in CT (per 5%) on admission (OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.15-1.51).
CONCLUSIONS
Severe or critically ill patients with COVID-19 is about one-tenths of patients in Jiangsu. Age, lymphocyte count, and pulmonary opacity in CT on admission were associated with risk of severe or critically ill COVID-19
Taxonomic analysis of asteroids with artificial neural networks
We study the surface composition of asteroids with visible and/or infrared
spectroscopy. For example, asteroid taxonomy is based on the spectral features
or multiple color indices in visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The
composition of asteroids gives key information to understand their origin and
evolution. However, we lack compositional information for faint asteroids due
to limits of ground-based observational instruments. In the near future, the
Chinese Space Survey telescope (CSST) will provide multiple colors and
spectroscopic data for asteroids of apparent magnitude brighter than 25 mag and
23 mag, respectively. For the aim of analysis of the CSST spectroscopic data,
we applied an algorithm using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to establish a
preliminary classification model for asteroid taxonomy according to the design
of the survey module of CSST. Using the SMASS II spectra and the Bus-Binzel
taxonomy system, our ANN classification tool composed of 5 individual ANNs is
constructed, and the accuracy of this classification system is higher than 92
%. As the first application of our ANN tool, 64 spectra of 42 asteroids
obtained in 2006 and 2007 by us with the 2.16-m telescope in the Xinglong
station (Observatory Code 327) of National Astronomical Observatory of China
are analyzed. The predicted labels of these spectra using our ANN tool are
found to be reasonable when compared to their known taxonomic labels.
Considering the accuracy and stability, our ANN tool can be applied to analyse
the CSST asteroid spectra in the future.Comment: 10 pages,8 figures,accepted by AJ for publicatio
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