Genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asia and comparison with a European population

Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. Known risk variants explain only a small fraction of lung adenocarcinoma heritability. Here, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma of East Asian ancestry (21,658 cases and 150,676 controls; 54.5% never-smokers) and identified 12 novel susceptibility variants, bringing the total number to 28 at 25 independent loci. Transcriptome-wide association analyses together with colocalization studies using a Taiwanese lung expression quantitative trait loci dataset (n = 115) identified novel candidate genes, including FADS1 at 11q12 and ELF5 at 11p13. In a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of East Asian and European studies, four loci were identified at 2p11, 4q32, 16q23, and 18q12. At the same time, most of our findings in East Asian populations showed no evidence of association in European populations. In our studies drawn from East Asian populations, a polygenic risk score based on the 25 loci had a stronger association in never-smokers vs. individuals with a history of smoking (P interaction  = 0.0058). These findings provide new insights into the etiology of lung adenocarcinoma in individuals from East Asian populations, which could be important in developing translational applications

Genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asia and comparison with a European population.

Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. Known risk variants explain only a small fraction of lung adenocarcinoma heritability. Here, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma of East Asian ancestry (21,658 cases and 150,676 controls; 54.5% never-smokers) and identified 12 novel susceptibility variants, bringing the total number to 28 at 25 independent loci. Transcriptome-wide association analyses together with colocalization studies using a Taiwanese lung expression quantitative trait loci dataset (n = 115) identified novel candidate genes, including FADS1 at 11q12 and ELF5 at 11p13. In a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of East Asian and European studies, four loci were identified at 2p11, 4q32, 16q23, and 18q12. At the same time, most of our findings in East Asian populations showed no evidence of association in European populations. In our studies drawn from East Asian populations, a polygenic risk score based on the 25 loci had a stronger association in never-smokers vs. individuals with a history of smoking (Pinteraction = 0.0058). These findings provide new insights into the etiology of lung adenocarcinoma in individuals from East Asian populations, which could be important in developing translational applications

Analysis and optimization of a novel high cooling flux stacked T-shaped thermoelectric cooler

To meet the cooling demands of high heat flow density hotspots in scenarios such as electronic chips, a novel three-dimensional stacked T-shaped thermoelectric cooler (STTEC) is designed in this study. Under steady-state conditions, a finite element method with coupled thermal–electrical–mechanical physical fields is utilized, and the temperature dependence of thermoelectric (TE) materials is considered. First, the cooling flux, coefficient of performance (COP), and minimum cooling temperature of STTEC under different input-current and thermal boundary conditions are investigated and compared to the traditional π-shaped thermoelectric cooler (π-TEC). Second, the effects of geometrical parameter variations under optimal currents on the cooling performance and reliability of STTEC are studied. Finally, the structural parameters are optimized. The results show that the STTEC altered the path of TE conversion and transfer, which significantly improved the optimal current. The STTEC has a remarkable advantage in cooling performance under low temperature differences or high cooling loads. Compared to the π-TEC, STTEC enhances cooling flux by 101.6%, rises COP by 358.5%, and lowers the cold-end temperature by 46.6 K. At optimal current conditions, by optimizing the thickness of the T-shaped copper slice and the height difference between the TE leg and the T-shaped copper slice, the thermal stress decreased by 18.4%. The STTEC’s novel design could inspire the manufacturing and commercialization of high-performance thermoelectric coolers

Association between obesity indicators and cardiometabolic disease in Chinese adults.

BackgroundObesity is an established risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Different measurements of obesity with cardiometabolic disease have been compared in recent studies in Western countries. However, obesity-related criteria for the Chinese population differ from the standard World Health Organization guidelines, and similar research in Chinese adults is limited.MeasuresData were obtained from a comprehensive intervention project involving a community population with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors in Shenzhen in 2015. A total of 4,000 participants (1,605 men and 2,395 women) with a mean age of 56.01±9.78 years were included in this study. Categorical data are reported as percentages, and continuous data are reported as mean ± standard deviation. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and neck circumference (NC) with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among Chinese adults.ResultsThe participants had a mean BMI of 24.25±3.33 kg/m2, mean NC of 33.59±4.16 cm, and mean WC of 82.44±9.84 cm (men: 85.46±9.10 cm, women: 80.40±9.81 cm). Blood pressure, plasma glucose, and lipid levels in the BMI, WC, and NC groups were statistically significant (p ConclusionsCompared to BMI and NC, WC was more strongly associated with cardiometabolic diseases in Chinese adults

2型糖尿病患者就诊间血压变异性与大血管和微血管并发症的风险:一项中国初级保健队列研究

Abstract Background We evaluated the effects of visit‐to‐visit variability of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) on macrovascular and microvascular complications among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 11 043 patients with type 2 diabetes from primary healthcare institutions between January 2010 and June 2020 were included. The visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability was calculated using three metrics: SD, coefficient of variation (CV), and average real variability (ARV), obtained over a 12‐month measurement period. The associations of visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability with macrovascular and microvascular complications were evaluated using multivariate‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Results There were 330 macrovascular events and 542 microvascular events. Compared to those for participants with the lowest quartile of SD of SBP and DBP, increased risks were observed in patients with the highest quartile of SD of SBP and DBP for macrovascular complications (SD‐SBP: HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.24–2.57; SD‐DBP: HR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.50–3.25) and microvascular complications (SD‐SBP: HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.39–2.46; SD‐DBP: HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.36–2.44). CV and ARV of SBP and DBP also had statistically significant associations with macrovascular and microvascular complications. The optimal variability of blood pressure target was SD of SBP <6.45 mm Hg and SD of DBP <4.81 mm Hg. Conclusions Visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability may be a potential predictor for macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes

Moisture Transfer Model and Simulation for Dehumidification of HTGR Core

A large number of carbon materials are adopted in high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). These carbon materials mainly include graphite IG-110 and boron-containing carbon material (BC), both of which are typical porous materials and normally absorb moisture. In order to inhibit the chemical corrosion reaction between core internals materials and moisture, the core needs to be strictly dehumidified before the reactor is put into operation. This paper mainly analyzed the moisture transfer mechanism in these carbon materials. Moisture transfer models were developed, and the dehumidification process of HTR-PM core was simulated. In addition, the influence of working temperature and system pressure on dehumidification was studied as well