Design and analysis of electrothermal metasurfaces

Electrothermal metasurfaces have attracted extensive attention due to their ability to dynamically control thermal infrared radiation. Although previous studies were mainly focused on the metasurfaces with infinite unit cells, the finite-size effect can be a critical design factor for developing thermal metasurfaces with fast response and broad temperature uniformity in practice. Here, we study the thermal metasurfaces consisting of gold nanorods with a finite array size, which, with only several periods, can achieve a resonance close to that of the infinite case. More importantly, such a small footprint due to the finite array size results in the response time down to a nanosecond level. Furthermore, the number of the unit cells in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the nanorods is found to be insensitive to the resonance and response time, thus providing a tunability in aspect ratio that can boost the temperature uniformity in the sub-Kelvin level.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

Role of long non-coding RNA in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

Long non-coding RNA(LncRNA)is a class of transcript(>200 nucleotides)that do not encode proteins. It plays an important role in epigenetic regulation and gene expression at transcriptional or post transcriptional level. The abnormal expression of LncRNA may lead to various pathological processes. Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a multifactorial disease. Recent studies have shown that many specific expressions of LncRNAs are closely related to the genesis of DR. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the function of LncRNA, the regulatory mechanisms of LncRNA involved in the development of DR, and the related therapies

Accurate Direct Measurements of Far-Field Thermal Infrared Emission and its Dynamics

Accurate direct measurements of far-field thermal infrared emission become increasingly important because conventional methods, relying on indirect assessments, such as reflectance/transmittance, are inaccurate or even unfeasible to characterize state-of-art devices with novel spectra, directionalities, and polarizations. The direct collection of the far-field emission from these tiny devices is also challenging because of their shrinking footprints and uncontrollable radiation noises from their surroundings. Here, we demonstrate a microscopic lock-in FTIR system that realizes significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by combining a microscope and a lock-in amplifier with an FTIR. The lock-in FTIR is ultrasensitive, with a specific detectivity 10^6 times higher than commercial ones, to overcome the optical loss and background noise during the emission light collection. Based on an analytical model of the signal detection process, we also explore the combination of modulated Joule heating and global heating to fulfill the potential of our system for noise reduction. Our findings show that, compared to previous studies, more than 3 times lower temperatures are sufficient to generate a measurable signal. Under a heating temperature of around 125 {\deg}C, we can achieve an SNR of about 23.7, which is far above the true-signal-threshold (SNR of about 3.0). Furthermore, the system can respond fast enough (up to 175kHz) to record spectral-resolved dynamics of microdevices in the frequency domain. The measurable frequency range can be extended up to MHz or even GHz level by a high-speed circuit model. We believe the system together with the analytical signal processing can be beneficial for next-generation thermal infrared material and device exploration, boosting the applications in lighting, sensing, imaging, and energy harvesting on a small scale.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure

‘Zhengmei’: A new early-ripening table grape

Research Not

'Brilliant Seedless': A new medium-ripening seedless table grape

Research Not

Preliminary Trial to Establish Artificial Grassland in Tibet, China

Tibet Autonomous Region with an average altitude of more than 4,000 m above sea level, altogether cover an area of 1.22 million km2, equivalent to one-eight of the total area of China. High mountains along with forests and rivers in Tibet consist of an important ecological barrier for protecting parts of inland ecosystems. Tibet is also one of the five major pastoral areas in China. The grassland in Tibet covers 0.83 million km2, but the grass is sparse and low, and with low yield in this area. There are nearly 2.8 million people in this region, while the area of arable land is less than 2.533 thousand km2. Nearly 40.5 million tons of hay are needed for about 45 million sheep units in Tibet (Yu et al., 2010), while the actual amount is less than 20 million tons (including 15 million tons per year from natural grassland, and 2～3 million tons per year from the straw of naked barley). It exacerbating the degradation of natural grassland for the contradiction between livestock and grass. Research shows that the most effective measure to maintain local economic growth, coordinated development of ecological security and curb the further degradation of the grassland in Tibet is by planting high yielding and high quality forage crops, changing the traditional way of free grazing and implementing captive feeding gradually

N,N,N′,N′-Tetra­kis(2-hy­droxy-5-methyl­benz­yl)ethane-1,2-diamine dimethyl­formamide disolvate

The title compound, C34H40N2O4·2C3H7NO, was synthesized by the Mannich condensation of ethane­diamine, formaldehyde and p-cresol. In the crystal, the tetra­phenol mol­ecule is arranged around an inversion center. The mol­ecule and the dimethyl­formamide solvate are linked through an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond occurs in the tetra­phenol mol­ecule, which may influence the mol­ecular confomation. Futhermore, C—H⋯O and π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7081 (14) Å] stabilize the crystal packing, building a three-dimensional network

Dichlorido(10,11,12,13-tetra­hydro-4,5,9,14-tetra­azabenzo[b]triphenyl­ene)cadmium(II) hemihydrate

In the title compound, [CdCl2(C18H14N4)2]·0.5H2O, the Cd atom assumes a distorted octa­hedral trans-CdCl2N4 geometry arising from its coordination by two N,N′-bidentate 10,11,12,13-tetra­hydro-4,5,9,14-tetra­azabenzo[b]triphenyl­ene (TBBT) mol­ecules and two chloride ions. In the crystal, π–π aromatic stacking inter­actions between adjacent TTBT rings are seen, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.604 (3) Å. An O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bond between the half-occupied water molecule and one chloride ion also occurs