199 research outputs found
Image-Based Pore-Scale Modeling of Inertial Flow in Porous Media and Propped Fractures
Non-Darcy flow is often observed near wellbores and in hydraulic fractures where relatively high velocities occur. Quantifying additional pressure drop caused by non-Darcy flow and fundamentally understanding the pore-scale inertial flow is important to oil and gas production in hydraulic fractures. Image-based pore-scale modeling is a powerful approach to obtain macroscopic transport properties of porous media, which are traditionally obtained from experiments and understand the relationship between fluid dynamics with complex pore geometries. In image-based modeling, flow simulations are conducted based on pore structures of real porous media from X-ray computed tomographic images. Rigorous pore-scale finite element modeling using unstructured mesh is developed and implemented in proppant fractures. The macroscopic parameters permeability and non-Darcy coefficient are obtained from simulations. The inertial effects on microscopic velocity fields are also discussed. The pore-scale network modeling of non-Darcy flow is also developed based on simulation results from rigorous model (FEM). Network modeling is an appealing approach to study porous media. Because of the approximation introduced in both pore structures and fluid dynamics, network modeling requires much smaller computational cost than rigorous model and can increase the computational domain size by orders of magnitude. The network is validated by comparing pore-scale flowrate distribution calculated from network and FEM. Throat flowrates and hydraulic conductance values in pore structures with a range of geometries are compared to assess whether network modeling can capture the shifts in flow pattern due to inertial effects. This provides insights about predicting hydraulic conductance using the tortuosity of flow paths,which is a significant factor for inertial flow as well as other network pore and throat geometric parameters
Polygonal vortex beams in quasi-frequency-degenerate states
We originally demonstrate the vortex beams with patterns of closed polygons
[namely polygonal vortex beams (PVBs)] generated by a
quasi-frequency-degenerate (QFD) Yb:CALGO laser resonator with astigmatic
transformation. The PVBs with peculiar patterns of triangular, square, and
parallelogram shapes carrying large orbital angular momentums (OAMs) are
theoretically investigated and experimentally obtained in the vicinity of the
SU(2) degenerate states of laser resonator. The PVBs in QFD states are compared
with the vortex beams with patterns of isolated spots arrays located on the
triangle-, square-, and parallelogram-shaped routes [namely
polygonalspots-array vortex beams (PSA-VBs)] under normal SU(2) degenerate
states. Beam profile shape of PVB or PSA-VB and OAM can be controlled by
adjusting the cavity length and the position of pump spot. The simulated and
experimental results validate the performance of our method to generate PVB,
which is of great potential for promoting novel technologies in particle
trapping and beam shaping
Marine Debris Detection in Satellite Surveillance using Attention Mechanisms
Marine debris is an important issue for environmental protection, but current
methods for locating marine debris are yet limited. In order to achieve higher
efficiency and wider applicability in the localization of Marine debris, this
study tries to combine the instance segmentation of YOLOv7 with different
attention mechanisms and explores the best model. By utilizing a labelled
dataset consisting of satellite images containing ocean debris, we examined
three attentional models including lightweight coordinate attention, CBAM
(combining spatial and channel focus), and bottleneck transformer (based on
self-attention). Box detection assessment revealed that CBAM achieved the best
outcome (F1 score of 77%) compared to coordinate attention (F1 score of 71%)
and YOLOv7/bottleneck transformer (both F1 scores around 66%). Mask evaluation
showed CBAM again leading with an F1 score of 73%, whereas coordinate attention
and YOLOv7 had comparable performances (around F1 score of 68%/69%) and
bottleneck transformer lagged behind at F1 score of 56%. These findings suggest
that CBAM offers optimal suitability for detecting marine debris. However, it
should be noted that the bottleneck transformer detected some areas missed by
manual annotation and displayed better mask precision for larger debris pieces,
signifying potentially superior practical performance
Generation of tunable optical skyrmions on Skyrme-Poincar\'e sphere
In recent time, the optical-analogous skyrmions, topological quasiparticles
with sophisticated vectorial structures, have received an increasing amount of
interest. Here we propose theortically and experimentally a generalized family
of these, the tunable optical skyrmion, unveiling a new mechanism to transform
between various skyrmionic topologies, including N\'eel-, Bloch-, and
antiskyrmion types, via simple parametric tuning. In addition, Poincar\'e-like
geometric representation is proposed to visualize the topological evolution of
tunable skyrmions, which we termed Skyrme-Poincar\'e sphere, akin to the
spin-orbit representation of complex vector modes. To generate experimentally
the tunable optical skyrmions we implemented a digital hologram system based on
a spatial light modulator, showing great agreement with our theoretical
prediction
Multivariate Information Fusion With Fast Kernel Learning to Kernel Ridge Regression in Predicting LncRNA-Protein Interactions
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a large class of transcribed RNA molecules. They have a characteristic length of more than 200 nucleotides which do not encode proteins. They play an important role in regulating gene expression by interacting with the homologous RNA-binding proteins. Due to the laborious and time-consuming nature of wet experimental methods, more researchers should pay great attention to computational approaches for the prediction of lncRNA-protein interaction (LPI). An in-depth literature review in the state-of-the-art in silico investigations, leads to the conclusion that there is still room for improving the accuracy and velocity. This paper propose a novel method for identifying LPI by employing Kernel Ridge Regression, based on Fast Kernel Learning (LPI-FKLKRR). This approach, uses four distinct similarity measures for lncRNA and protein space, respectively. It is remarkable, that we extract Gene Ontology (GO) with proteins, in order to improve the quality of information in protein space. The process of heterogeneous kernels integration, applies Fast Kernel Learning (FastKL) to deal with weight optimization. The extrapolation model is obtained by gaining the ultimate prediction associations, after using Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR). Experimental outcomes show that the ability of modeling with LPI-FKLKRR has extraordinary performance compared with LPI prediction schemes. On benchmark dataset, it has been observed that the best Area Under Precision Recall Curve (AUPR) of 0.6950 is obtained by our proposed model LPI-FKLKRR, which outperforms the integrated LPLNP (AUPR: 0.4584), RWR (AUPR: 0.2827), CF (AUPR: 0.2357), LPIHN (AUPR: 0.2299), and LPBNI (AUPR: 0.3302). Also, combined with the experimental results of a case study on a novel dataset, it is anticipated that LPI-FKLKRR will be a useful tool for LPI prediction
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