A note on the connection between nonextensive entropy and hh-derivative

In order to study as a whole the major part of entropy measures, we introduce a two-parameter non-extensive entropic form with respect to the \textit{h}-derivative which generalizes the conventional Newton-Leibniz calculus. This new entropy, $S_{h,h'}$, is proved to describe the non-extensive systems and recover several types of the well-known non-extensive entropic expressions, such as the Tsallis entropy, the Abe entropy, the Shafee entropy, the Kaniadakis entropy and even the classical Boltzmann\,--\,Gibbs one. As a generalized entropy, its corresponding properties are also analyzed.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur

Hadronization within the Non-Extensive Approach and the Evolution of the Parameters

We review transverse momentum distributions of various identified charged particles stemming from high energy collisions fitted by various non-extensive distributions as well as by the usual Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. We investigate the best-fit formula with the obtained $\chi^2/ndf$ values. We find that the physical mass and $\sqrt{s}$ scaling become more explicit with heavier produced hadrons in both proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions. The spectral shape parameters, in particular the temperature $T$ and the non-extensive Tsallis parameter $q$, do exhibit an almost linear dependence with the centrality-dependence in heavy-ion collisions.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figure

Hadron Spectra Parameters within the Non-Extensive Approach

We investigate how the non-extensive approach works in high-energy physics. Transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of several hadrons are fitted by various non-extensive momentum distributions and by the Boltzmann--Gibbs statistics.~It is shown that some non-extensive distributions can be transferred one into another.~We find explicit hadron mass and center-of-mass energy {scaling both in the temperature and in the non-extensive parameter, $q$,} in proton--proton and heavy-ion collisions. We find that the temperature depends linearly, but the Tsallis $q$ follows a logarithmic dependence on the collision energy in proton--proton collisions. In the nucleus--nucleus collisions, on~the other hand, $T$ and $q$ correlate linearly, as was predicted in our previous work.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Mass hierarchy and energy scaling of the Tsallis--Pareto parameters in hadron productions at RHIC and LHC energies

The latest, high-accuracy identified hadron spectra measurements in high-energy nuclear collisions led us to the investigation of the strongly interacting particles and collective effects in small systems. Since microscopical processes result in a statistical Tsallis-Pareto distribution, the fit parameters $q$ and $T$ are well suited for identifying system size scalings and initial conditions. Moreover, parameter values provide information on the deviation from the extensive, Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics in finite-volumes. We apply here the fit procedure developed in our earlier study for proton-proton collisions. The observed mass and $\sqrt{s}$ energy trends in the hadron production are compared to RHIC dAu and LHC pPb data in different centrality/multiplicity classes. Here we present new results on mass hierarchy in pp and pA from light to heavy hadrons.Comment: Talk given by G.B\'ir\'o at SQM 2017, Utrecht, 4 page

Rhizosphere phage communities drive soil suppressiveness to bacterial wilt disease

Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).Background: Bacterial viruses, phages, play a key role in nutrient turnover and lysis of bacteria in terrestrial ecosystems. While phages are abundant in soils, their effects on plant pathogens and rhizosphere bacterial communities are poorly understood. Here, we used metagenomics and direct experiments to causally test if differences in rhizosphere phage communities could explain variation in soil suppressiveness and bacterial wilt plant disease outcomes by plant-pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum bacterium. Specifically, we tested two hypotheses: (1) that healthy plants are associated with stronger top-down pathogen control by R. solanacearum-specific phages (i.e. ‘primary phages’) and (2) that ‘secondary phages’ that target pathogen-inhibiting bacteria play a stronger role in diseased plant rhizosphere microbiomes by indirectly ‘helping’ the pathogen. Results: Using a repeated sampling of tomato rhizosphere soil in the field, we show that healthy plants are associated with distinct phage communities that contain relatively higher abundances of R. solanacearum-specific phages that exert strong top-down pathogen density control. Moreover, ‘secondary phages’ that targeted pathogen-inhibiting bacteria were more abundant in the diseased plant microbiomes. The roles of R. solanacearum-specific and ‘secondary phages’ were directly validated in separate greenhouse experiments where we causally show that phages can reduce soil suppressiveness, both directly and indirectly, via top-down control of pathogen densities and by alleviating interference competition between pathogen-inhibiting bacteria and the pathogen. Conclusions: Together, our findings demonstrate that soil suppressiveness, which is most often attributed to bacteria, could be driven by rhizosphere phage communities that regulate R. solanacearum densities and strength of interference competition with pathogen-suppressing bacteria. Rhizosphere phage communities are hence likely to be important in determining bacterial wilt disease outcomes and soil suppressiveness in agricultural fields. [MediaObject not available: see fulltext.].Peer reviewe

A study of HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitude and behaviors among female sex workers in Shanghai China

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>China is currently facing a rapid and widespread increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The activities of female sex workers (FSWs) have contributed to the mounting epidemic of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and risk behaviors among FSWs operating in Shanghai China.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of Shanghai, including three suburbs and two downtown locales. We adopted a cluster randomized sampling method to obtain ten geographic sites which consisted of one or more communities/villages proximal to a location where FSWs were accessible. A total of 324 FSWs from 109 Xitou Fang, massage parlors and hair salons who explicitly provided sexual services were enrolled in the study. Each participant completed a questionnaire survey and interview aimed to collect information on the individual's knowledge, attitude, and behaviors associated with risk for HIV/AIDs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall correct answer rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge was 60.8%, and the knowledge of FSWs from downtown areas was significantly higher than those from suburban areas (<it>P </it>< 0.05). The percentage of FSWs who reported having experiences in commercial sexual services without the use of condoms was 33.6%. Condom slippage or breakage was reported as having occurred at least once by 51.2% of the FSWs. FSWs from suburban areas were found to more often engage in high-risk behaviors, including oral and anal sex, than those from downtown areas (<it>P </it>< 0.001). Many of the FSWs (65.7%) reported having non-client sexual partners (most were identified as boyfriends or husbands); however, condom usage with these partners were lower (34.3%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Based on the findings from our survey, we advise that promotion of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge be targeted towards FSWs in Shanghai, especially those operating in the suburbs. HIV prevention efforts, such as urging constant condom usage with both clients and steady partners, should be sustained and reinforced among the female sex workers population.</p

Enhancement of backscattering by a conducting cylinder coated with gradient metasurface

This paper proposes a highly effective method for enhancing the backscattering by a conducting cylinder that is coated with a gradient metasurface. The employed metasurface exhibits a phase gradient continuously varying along the circumferential direction of the cylinder so that in-phase retroreflection can be produced to enhance the backscattering. It is demonstrated that the cylinder coated with the proposed gradient metasurface can generate backscattering very close to that from a conducting plate with the same dimensions as the cylinder's cross-section perpendicular to the incident plane wave. Compared with a bare conducting cylinder, the backscattering is significantly enhanced by the gradient metasurface made of conducting strips printed on a grounded dielectric substrate. Effects of cell numbers along the cylinder axis, incident angle, and polarization of the incoming electromagnetic wave on the backscattering enhancement are examined and discussed. A good agreement between simulated and measured backscattering results validates the observations.Published versio

Adaptive Secure MIMO Transmission Mechanism against Smart Attacker

The MIMO transmission against a smart attacker has recently been formulated as a noncollaborative game, in which both the MIMO transmitter and the malicious attacker try to maximize their predefined utilities. In this paper, by carefully analyzing the Nash Equilibrium (NE), we focus on the conditions, in which the gaming results incline to the malicious attacker instead of the MIMO transmitter. In this adverse case, it is highly desirable to develop an effective mechanism to suppress the attack intention by the attacker for better secure communication. Motivated by this, an adaptive secure MIMO transmission scheme was proposed to make the MIMO transmitter better resist malicious attackers in adverse channel conditions. Compared with the existing gaming-based strategy, not only the transmit power of the MIMO transmitter but also the transmission probability will be adjusted in the proposed adaptive secure transmission scheme. Our analysis results show that the proposed scheme can be regarded as a generalized adaptive transmission one, i.e., when the adaptive transmit power policy is enough to suppress the attack motivation, the proposed scheme will be reduced to the adaptive power control scheme; otherwise, both the adaptive transmit power and the adaptive probabilistic transmission can be employed to suppress the attack motivation. The analysis results confirm us that the proposed adaptive transmission scheme provides us a choice to enhance the secure MIMO transmission performance in adverse conditions

Decay of 1.643 h

The decay of 95Ru has been investigated by means of γ-ray spectroscopy. The 95Ru nuclei were produced by the reaction 92Mo( α, n) 95Ru at a beam energy of 17MeV. High-purity Ge detectors have been used singly and in coincidence to study γ-rays in the decay of 95Ru to 95Tc. 132 γ-rays are reported, among them, energies and intensities for 127 transitions have been determined. A decay scheme of 95Ru with 31 levels is proposed which accommodates 127 of these transitions. Spins and parities for three new levels are proposed from calculated log ft values, measured γ-ray branching ratios, and in-beam experiment results of the daughter nucleus 95Tc. Combining with the high-spin states observed by in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of previous decay works, the structure of the excited states of 95Tc is discussed in the framework of the projected shell model