Efficiency in Marriage

Economists usually assume that bargaining in marriage leads to efficient outcomes. The most convincing rationale for this assumption is the belief that efficient allocations are likely to emerge from repeated interactions in stationary environments, and that marriage provides such an environment. This paper argues that when a current decision affects future bargaining power, inefficient outcomes are plausible. If the spouses could make binding commitments -- in effect, commitments to refrain from exploiting the future bargaining advantage -- then the inefficiency would disappear. But spouses seldom can make binding commitments regarding allocation within marriage. To investigate the efficiency of bargaining within marriage when choices affect future bargaining power, we consider the location decisions of two-earner couples. These location decisions are transparent and analytically tractable examples of choices likely to affect future bargaining power, but the logic of our analysis applies to many other decisions. For example, decisions about education, fertility, and labor force participation are also potential sources of inefficiency.

Reply on `comment on our paper `Single two-level ion in an anharmonic-oscillator trap: Time evolution of the Q function and population inversion ''

We show here that the model Hamiltonian used in our paper for ion vibrating in a q-analog harmonic oscillator trap and interacting with a classical single-mode light field is indeed obtained by replacing the usual bosonic creation and annihilation operators of the harmonic trap model by their q-deformed counterparts. The approximations made in our paper amount to using for the ion-laser interaction in a q-analog harmonic oscillator trap, the operator F_{q}=exp{-(|\epsilon|^2}/2)}exp{i\epsilon A^{\dagger}}exp{i\epsilon A}, which is analogous to the corresponding operator for ion in a harmonic oscillator trap that is $F=exp{-(|\epsilon|^2 /2)}exp{i\epsilon a^{\dagger }}exp{i\epsilon a}$. In our article we do not claim to have diagonalized the operator, $F_q = exp{i \epsilon (A^{\dagger}+A)}$, for which the basis states |g,m> and |e,m> are not analytic vectors.Comment: Revtex, 4pages. To be Published in Physical Review A59, NO.4(April 99

The Role of Shame in Women's Recovery from Alcoholism

The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Wiechelt, Shelly A., Ph.D., Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh, 1999, Assistant Professor, State University of New York at Buffalo - "The Role of Shame in Women's Recovery from Alcoholism"The Ohio State University College of Social Wor

The role of polyphenols on sugar release from carbohydrate rich foods, and the consequent impact on metabolic risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes

In the United Kingdom from 1993 to 2011, the proportion of people who were overweight and obese increased from 58 to 65 % in men and from 49 to 58 % in women. There was also an increase in related comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, which is predicted to be the 7th leading cause of death by 2030. The modification of food is becoming an attractive option in obesity management and disease prevention with much interest recently focused on the role of plant extracts and secondary plant compounds such as polyphenols as potential functional food additives for improving glycaemic control. The aim of this PhD was to assess the effect of a variety of polyphenol rich sources including green, black and white teas, and also green tea extract, grape seed extract, resveratrol, and baobab fruit extract, on starch digestion and on markers of glycaemia. Throughout an in vitro digestion procedure, green tea and all of the polyphenol rich extracts were found to reduce starch digestion from white bread, and this effect was dose specific. These same doses of green tea extract and baobab fruit extract added into white bread were shown to have no effect on reducing the glycaemic response in healthy subjects, and therefore there may be inconstancies between in vitro and in vivo methods. However, although having no effect on glycaemia, baobab addition to white bread was shown to reduce the postprandial insulin response. Conversely, baobab fruit extract consumed as a solution at higher doses in combination with white bread was found to reduce the postprandial glycaemic response. Therefore baobab fruit extract may show potential as a functional food additive for improving health, and more specifically for alleviating markers of abnormal glucose metabolism

Interrogating Fake News in the Composition Classroom: Pedagogical Plans

This brief article argues that the skills developed in the first-year Composition classroom, such as analyzing texts, interrogating arguments, investigating media bias, conducting research, and thinking critically are crucial for helping students recognize the various forms of disinformation and post-truth as well as how to avoid circulating these and further polluting the media and information ecospheres. It also argues that Composition instructors must remain centrist to avoid exacerbating political polarization and alienating students who might be resistant to investigating fake news. This article summarizes some key readings and practical activities that Composition instructors may incorporate into their classrooms

“YOU DON’T NEED PEOPLE’S OPINIONS ON A FACT!”: SATIRICAL COMEDY CORRECTS CLIMATE CHANGE DISINFORMATION

Satirical comedy has often been recognized as a corrective to, if not alternative for, commercial news as well as a source of accurate science information (Brewer & McKnight, 2015). In this dissertation, I analyze how satirical comedy debunks climate change myths, delivers accurate information, and promotes scientific expertise. Five interconnected assumptions guide the context and methodology of this interdisciplinary study: 1) that various actors have transformed climate change into a “manufactured scientific controversy” (Ceccarelli, 2011); 2) that satire, as a method, both assails targets and aggregates people (Hutcheon,1994); 3) that celebrity activism is impactful but problematic (Collins, 2007; Boykoff & Goodman, 2009); 4) that the YouTube comment board represents an audience study (Lange, 2008); and 5) that online comment is worthy of analysis (Reagle, 2015). This project analyzes two case studies, each consisting of two examples of satirical climate change comedy from John Oliver (his Statistically Representative Climate Change Debate and his Paris Agreement monologues) and from Jimmy Kimmel (his Scientists on Climate Change and Hey Donald Trump -- Climate Change Affects You Too segments). A three-tiered, mixed-methods approach is adopted to investigate the context, construction, circulation, and online reception of these satirical comedy videos. My project finds that the discursive integration (Baym, 2005) of satirical climate change comedy is potentially persuasive, but also risky and polarizing. Though centrist and left-of-center voices appreciate Oliver’s and Kimmel’s satirical interventions, conservative and right-of-center voices mark strict boundaries between comedy, celebrity, and climate change. It was also discovered that satirical comedy, which is accessible and viral, may intervene on YouTube’s climate change denial problem, correcting climate change falsehoods, and potentially drawing audiences away from their echo chambers and towards meaningful communication about the climate crisis. That is, many commenters use these videos as entry points to debate the causes of American climate change denial, correct climate change disinformation, and offer anecdotal evidence about the effects of climate change. At the same time, YouTube comments from the most resistant skeptics and repeat commenters provide insight into the persistence of circulating climate change myths and conflict frames. This study finally concludes that the analysis of comments on satirical climate change comedy exposes strategies for avoiding confirmation bias and the backfire effect along with techniques for creating more effective climate change communication

An Annotated Bibliography of Art Literature for Grades Four Through Eight

The visual arts, a discipline, with a history and knowledge base is a required component of the elementary and middle school curriculum. In order to learn the language of visual symbols resources are needed. The assumption that books which deal with various topics spanning the spectrum of art will provide a link between visual and verbal information and provide, in part, necessary assistance to students in their study of art is the premise on which this research paper is based. As a result of research into available art related books at three school libraries, one public library and one university youth collection an annotated bibliography was compiled. The bibliography is arranged into eight categories: history of art, art appreciation, media and technique, individual artists, arts personalities, elements and principles, themes, and careers. The bibliography includes books published between 1970 and 1984. The bibliography may be used to provide teachers with titles to support and enrich their curricular goals, students with titles which will stimulate and reinforce their independent study, and media specialists with titles which may be used for interdisciplinary approaches in teaching and collection development