Depressive Symptoms and Eating Behaviors: Do Atypical Symptoms Drive Associations with Food Attentional Bias, Emotional Eating, and External Eating?

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Depression is an emerging risk factor for obesity; however, it is unclear whether certain depressive symptoms drive this relationship. Recent evidence suggests that atypical major depressive disorder (MDD) – whose key features include the reversed somatic-vegetative symptoms of hyperphagia (increased appetite) and hypersomnia (increased sleep) – is a stronger predictor of future obesity than other MDD subtypes. The present study sought to examine food attentional bias (increased attention to food cues), emotional eating (eating in response to negative emotions), and external eating (eating in response to external food cues) as candidate mechanisms of the depression-to-obesity relationship. This cross-sectional laboratory study hypothesized that total depressive symptom severity, hyperphagia severity, and hypersomnia severity would all be positively associated with measures of food attentional bias, emotional eating, and external eating. Data were collected from a sample of 95 undergraduate students. Depressive symptom severity was measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-20); two measures of food attentional bias were obtained from eye tracking with high calorie food images: direction bias and duration bias; and emotional eating and external eating were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Simultaneous regression models (adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and subjective hunger) revealed total depressive symptom severity and hypersomnia severity were not associated with measures of food attentional bias, while hyperphagia severity was negatively associated with direction bias but not associated with duration bias for high and low calorie food images. Findings related to emotional and external eating are consistent with previous literature: total depressive symptom severity and hyperphagia severity were positively associated with both emotional eating and external eating, and the pattern of results suggests that hyperphagia may be driving relationships between depressive symptoms and these eating behaviors. Hypersomnia severity was not associated with emotional eating and external eating, suggesting this symptom does not play an important role in the relationships between depressive symptoms and these eating behaviors. Future studies should examine prospective associations of hyperphagia severity with food attentional bias, emotional eating, and external eating in larger, more representative samples

Making Sense of Vietnam and Telling the Real Story: Military Women in The Combat Zone

An analysis of Kathryn Marshall\u27s 1987 book, In the Combat Zone: An Oral History of American Women in Vietnam, 1966-1975

Principals as Human Capital Managers: A Literature Review

This review focuses on the school system's evolution and the principal's role as an administrator. Principalship refers to the professional standards to which a school's leadership aims to meet the needs of staff, students, and parents. The roles include student management, enforcing curriculum, assisting teachers, and allocating material and financial resources to ensure high academic performance. The review identifies that most principals fulfill a minimum requirement of undergraduate and postgraduate education with vast experience as regular teachers, school counselors, or educational professionals.The review identifies several academic preparation programs for state credentialing to become a school administrator. The study reveals that applicants for school leadership roles achieve higher learning goals such as master's or doctoral in education, psychology, and business administration. Most states require a minimum of three years of field experience with diverse communities. Scholars emphasize the need for continued learning programs for effective principalship and managing diverse school communities. Furthermore, each state has a local credentialing agency open to various professionals, thus creating varied leadership experiences for different schools.The review seeks to establish the functions of a principal as a human capital manager. Scholars differentiate human resource management and human capital management by emphasizing the role of principals as business managers whose goal is to steer a school toward the best student, staff, and institutional output. The study uses human capital theory to maximize staff potential and achieve better institutional results. Therefore, the roles of a principal as a human capital manager include recruitment of qualified personnel, provision of professional growth opportunities for various staff, capacity building, and retention of qualified staff

Implementing a standardized pediatric bone marrow transplant orientation.

Nurse orientation programs focus on establishing a nurse’s ability to perform skills necessary in the organization’s setting. The purpose of this project was to develop a unit-specific orientation program for the experienced registered nurse transitioning into providing care for pediatric bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients at a local children’s hospital to enhance nurse knowledge and satisfaction. Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt’s rating system for the hierarchy of evidence was used in the selection of articles with high levels of evidence for the critical appraisal of the supporting literature for the program development. The best practices for orientation content provide constructive effects on nursing knowledge, satisfaction, and serve as evidence for the content. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, specifically self-efficacy, was the contributing theoretical framework for advancing the knowledge of pediatric oncology nurses who participate in the orientation program. Orientation materials were obtained and adapted as the main components for a positive orientation at the hospital. A unit-specific orientation based on evidence will provide an operational process for the experienced nurse transitioning to a specialized unit. The results of this project aided in the transition of nurses into the new environment and expected role. After implementation, this project was aimed to increase nurse knowledge and self-efficacy

Streaming Down the Stern-Brocot Tree: Finding and Expressing Solutions to Pell\u27s Equation in SL(2,Z)

This paper explores and elaborates on a method of solving Pell’s equation as introduced by Norman Wildberger. In the first chapters of the paper, foundational topics are introduced in expository style including an explanation of Pell’s equation. An explanation of continued fractions and their ability to express quadratic irrationals is provided as well as a connection to the Stern-Brocot tree and a convenient means of representation for each in terms of 2×2 matrices with integer elements. This representation will provide a useful way of navigating the Stern-Brocot tree computationally and permit us a means of computing continued fractions without the tedium of unraveling nested denominators. The paper also introduces simple unary operations for describing select permutations on continued fractions and, more importantly, their matrix-product counterparts. In the latter chapters of the paper, interesting symmetries appear as a result of using the Wildberger Algorithm. Quadratic forms and the subset of balanced quadratic forms will be shown to act as SL2(Z)-sets. Using this language we explore solutions to the generalized Pell equation and demonstrate a generalization for Norman Wildberger’s algorithm

Students Respond To The Use Of Instructional Technology In The Accounting Information Systems Classroom

A SERVQUAL-inspired instrument measured students’ satisfaction with technology tools used in AIS classrooms; 151 students in six schools participated.  Student in-class computer activities generated the highest satisfaction among students, live software demonstration the least.  Satisfaction varied little by gender or age group.  Student in-class computer activities showed the most reaction of satisfaction to usage rates, and in all cases greater usage led to higher satisfaction.  In some instances, the satisfaction score for a question differed across technology groups, but these differences are not generalizable.  Factor analysis largely supports the a priori loading of satisfaction items into five SERVQUAL dimension

Saddles in the energy landscape: extensivity and thermodynamic formalism

We formally extend the energy landscape approach for the thermodynamics of liquids to account for saddle points. By considering the extensive nature of macroscopic potential energies, we derive the scaling behavior of saddles with system size, as well as several approximations for the properties of low-order saddles (i.e., those with only a few unstable directions). We then cast the canonical partition function in a saddle-explicit form and develop, for the first time, a rigorous energy landscape approach capable of reproducing trends observed in simulations, in particular the temperature dependence of the energy and fractional order of sampled saddles.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Computer-Assisted Instruction in a Profitable Merchanidising Analysis Class

Clothing, Textiles and Merchandisin

The Lasting Effects of Growing up in a Military-Connected Home: A Qualitative Study of College-Aged American Military Kids

Being reared as a military kid is a unique experience shared by millions of children all over the world. This study seeks to understand the experiences shared by military kids and how those experiences change their perspectives, behaviours, and relationships. In the present phenomenological study, we conducted 21 in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews of college students who were reared as United States military kids (MKs). Using criterion sampling, the participants all met specific criteria, including experiencing deployment of their military parent as well as a minimum of 10 years of parental service during the MK’s lifetime. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and coded for analysis. Researchers reviewed the transcriptions to find common themes and meta-themes present in a majority of the interviews. Common themes centred around relationships with family, changes during childhood, and military presence in everyday life. Particular findings reported in the present article include demonstrated respect, military pride, military community commonality, anticipation of change, childhood instability, family dynamics, military terminology, adaptability, and an overall positive experience. These common themes are relevant for all involved in the care of military kids and their families, as they underline the unique perspective that MKs have about their childhood and their future

Tunable Visible and Near-IR Photoactivation of Light-Responsive Compounds by Using Fluorophores as Light-Capturing Antennas

Although the corrin ring of vitamin B12 is unable to efficiently absorb light beyond 550 nm, it is shown that commercially available fluorophores can be used as antennas to capture long-wavelength light to promote scission of the Co-C bond at wavelengths up to 800 nm. The ability to control the molecular properties of bioactive species with long visible and near-IR light has implications for drug delivery, nanotechnology, and the spatiotemporal control of cellular behavior