CONTROLLED RELEASE FLOATING ORAL IN SITU GEL OF ITOPRIDE HYDROCHLORIDE USING PH SENSITIVE POLYMER

Objective: In situ gels are suitable to overcome problems of immediate release and short gastrointestinal residence of liquids. These systems are liquids before administration and on contact with gastric contents are converted to gel. The present work deals with the formulation, evaluation and optimization of pH triggered floating oral in situ gel of Itopride hydrochloride by using sodium alginate as a gelling polymer and HPMC K100M as a release retardant polymer. Methods: A 32 factorial designs was carried out and the effect of variation in concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium carbonate on percent drug release at 1 h, 6 h, gel strength and T50% i. e. time required for the release 50 % of loaded drug was evaluated. The gels were studied for their viscosity, in vitro buoyancy and drug release, in vitro gelling capacity, density, gel strength. Results: The results of a 32 full factorial design revealed that the concentration of sodium alginate and concentration of calcium carbonate significantly affected the dependent variables. A controlled release profile was observed for these formulations. The dissolution data were fitted to various kinetic models which indicated diffusion controlled release profile. In vivo studies revealed higher Tmax of gel compared to plain drug which is suggestive of slower absorption. However, the AUC0-12 h was found to be nearly 90% higher than plain drug. Thus, bioavailability was found to be increased with in situ gel of Itopride hydrochloride. Conclusion: Floating oral in situ gelling system of amoxicillin can be formulated using sodium alginate as a gelling polymer to sustain the drug release for 12 h with diffusion controlled release kinetics

Feasibility Study of Processing Estane-based LOVA Gun Propellant

Low vulnerability ammunition (LOVA) propellant are currently being developed globally toreplace all types of single-base, double-base and triple-base gun propellants, because LOVApropellants possess advantage like low vulnerability without compromising on ballistic properties.The objective of present study is to establish processing of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE);estane-based LOVA gun propellant in cord/heptatubular geometry.  Keeping in view variousadvantages of TPE such as simple processing, greater dimensional stability, lower productionlosses, superior insensitivity, and mechanical properties of the propellants, estane 5731(polyurethane-ester-MDI, aromatic polyester) is selected for feasibility study as a binder inLOVA-based gun propellant composition, processed by solvent and semi-solvent methods andcompared feasibility of processing as well as their evaluation wrt ballistics, vulnerability, andmechanical properties. The results indicate that gun propellants processed by semi-solventmethod and extruded at elevated temperatures exhibit better ballistics, mechanical, andvulnerability properties

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF DARUNAVIR ETHANOLATE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Two simple, precise and economical UV methods have been developed for the estimation of Darunavir ethanolate (DRV) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method A is Absorbance maxima method, which is based on measurement of absorption at maximum wavelength, 266 nm. Method B is area under curve (AUC), in the wavelength range of 255-275 nm. Linearity for detector response was observed in the concentration range of 3-18 μg/ml for the both methods. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision and specificity. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 100.07% and 99.58% for Method A and Method B respectively. The results were validated statistically as per ICH Q2 R1 guidelines and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of DRV in tablet dosage form

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF ATAZANAVIR SULPHATE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Two simple, accurate, precise and cost effective UV-Spectrophotometric methods have been developed for estimation of Atazanavir sulphate (ATV), an anti-HIV drug, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Method A is Absorbance maxima method, which is based on measurement of absorption at maximum wavelength, 247nm. Method B is Area under Curve (AUC), in wavelength range of 240-254nm. The linear responses were observed in the range of 5- 40 μg/ml for both the methods, with the regression coefficient of 0.9996 and 0.9997 respectively. The accuracy of the methods was assessed by recovery studies and was found to be 100.56% and 100.86% respectively. The developed methods were validated for different parameters like linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision and specificity, as per the ICH Q2 R1 (International Conference for Harmonization) guidelines and were found to be satisfactory. These methods can be used for the determination of Atazanavir sulphate in bulk and formulation without interference of the excipients

Pulsed electromagnetic field - a cultivation practice used to increase soybean seed germination and yield

The aim of the research was to test the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on soybean seed germination and yield depending on specific field conditions, years of study, exposure duration and frequency. Field trial was conducted on an experimental field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia in 2010-2013. Seeds of the soybean (Glycine hispida (Moench)) medium-early cultivar. Valjevka 'were exposed to the PEMF therapy using the impulse generator and strip. Low-frequency (16, 24, 30 and 72 Hz) PEMF was used in the duration of 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Research results indicate that this method can increase seed germination up to 8.00% and yield by 960.5 kg, or 21% in field conditions, which is a significant increase and a solid basis to introduce this practice, primarily in organic production with a very limited use of seed treatment preparations. However, the practice can have an inhibitory effect under an unfavourable combination of exposure duration and frequency. The obtained data were processed using the analysis of variance of three-factorial trials considering all years of study. Due to different meteorological conditions in the study years, analysis of variance was conducted for each year of study and correlations between the tested traits were examined

Assessment of carbon loss related to Soil loss in the tropical watershed of Maharashtra, India

Soil carbon pools have a significant impact on the global carbon cycle and soil erosion caused by natural or human activities is one of the main drivers of changes in soil carbon sequestration. The present study aimed to estimate the carbon loss associated with soil loss in the watershed using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The study was carried out at the Central MPKV Campus Watershed, Rahuri, located in the rain shadow region of the Maharashtra state, India. The soil loss from the watershed was estimated using USLE model. The soil loss and carbon loss from the watershed were estimated before the implementation of conservation measures and after the implementation of conservation measures. It was found that the average annual soil loss from the watershed before and after conservation measures was 18.68 t/ha/yr and 9.41 t/ha/yr, respectively. Carbon loss was determined by soil loss rate, organic carbon content and the carbon enrichment ratio. The carbon loss from the watershed before and after conservation measures was 348.71 kgC/ha/yr and 205.52 kgC/ha/yr. The findings revealed that soil and carbon erosion was very severe on steep slopes without conservation measures and with limited vegetation cover. It was found that by reducing the carbon loss associated with soil loss, soil conservation measures not only aid in the conservation of natural resources but also serve as a climate change mitigation measure

Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. Results Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19–1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53–2.20), but not lower FVC (β=0.02 L, 95% CI −0.02–0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (β=0.04%, 95% CI −0.49–0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. Conclusion At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.publishedVersio

Cohort Profile: Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study was established to assess the prevalence of chronic airflow obstruction, a key characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its risk factors in adults (≥40 years) from general populations across the world. The baseline study was conducted between 2003 and 2016, in 41 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, the Caribbean and Oceania, and collected high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry from 28 828 participants. The follow-up study was conducted between 2019 and 2021, in 18 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe and the Caribbean. At baseline, there were in these sites 12 502 participants with high-quality spirometry. A total of 6452 were followed up, with 5936 completing the study core questionnaire. Of these, 4044 also provided high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry. On both occasions, the core questionnaire covered information on respiratory symptoms, doctor diagnoses, health care use, medication use and ealth status, as well as potential risk factors. Information on occupation, environmental exposures and diet was also collected

New derivatives of isoniazide, pyrazinamide and 2-aminobutanol and their anti-tubercular activity

508-510<span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd531191-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd531191-Identity-H;color:#0F0F0F">Some new s-trizine derivatives having isoniazide, pyrazinamide <span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd531191-Identity-H; mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:fd531191-identity-h;="" color:#0f0f0f;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="">and 2-aminobutanol moeity have been synthesized by condensation of substituted s-triazene <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Fd184550-Identity-H; mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:fd184550-identity-h;="" color:#0f0f0f;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="">(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">2a, b, <span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd531191-Identity-H; mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:fd531191-identity-h;="" color:#0f0f0f;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="">c<span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:Fd531191-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:fd531191-identity-h;color:#0f0f0f;mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">) with isoniazide, pyrazinamide and 2-aminobutanol. The products have been characterized by spectral data and evaluated for antitubercular activity. Some of them have shown moderate antitubercular activity values in terms of μg/mL determined by broth dilution technique.</span