Synchronization of fractional order Rabinovich-Fabrikant systems using sliding mode control techniques

In this research article, we present the concepts of fractional-order dynamical systems and synchronization methodologies of fractional order chaotic dynamical systems using slide mode control techniques. We have analysed the different phase portraits and time-series graphs of fractional order Rabinovich-Fabrikant systems. We have obtained that the lowest dimension of Rabinovich-Fabrikant system is 2.85 through utilization of the fractional calculus and computational simulation. Bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents of fractional order Rabinovich-Fabrikant system to justify the chaos in the systems. Synchronization of two identical fractional-order chaotic Rabinovich-Fabrikant systems are achieved using sliding mode control methodology

Evaluation of National Injury Surveillance Centre, India, 2015-16

Background: Globally, injuries accounts for 9% of all deaths, but India account for 11%. Due to limited data on injury characteristics, National Injury Surveillance Centre (NISC) was established in 2014 in New Delhi. Aim & Objectives: To evaluate attributes of NISC and make evidence-based recommendations. Methods and Material: We conducted cross-sectional study and used US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines to assess simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, stability, timeliness, representativeness, usefulness, and data quality. We reviewed 2015 records and interviewed 20 key-informants. We used Epi-Info7 for analysis. Results: NISC captured 4043 injuries in 2015 from one hospital. Among five data entry operators, four reported lengthy format, but all reported it easy. Among ten relevant key-informants, all reported data-management software easy. System demonstrated flexibility in three variables. All 20 staff reported willingness to participate, and 90% felt quarterly reporting acceptable. Regarding stability, data was collected for 361/365 days. Quarterly reports were available but only submitted annually. Regarding usefulness, all WHO-recommended variables included. Regarding data quality, 17% data-fields were missing. Conclusion: NISC is simple, flexible, stable, acceptable and potentially useful based on data captured. Timeliness based on annual reporting is high, can be improved to quarterly. We recommend training to improve data quality and integration of additional hospitals to improve representativeness

An Evaluation of the Role of Simulation Training for Teaching Surgical Skills in Sub-Saharan Africa.

An estimated 5 billion people worldwide lack access to any surgical care, whilst surgical conditions account for 11-30% of the global burden of disease. Maximizing the effectiveness of surgical training is imperative to improve access to safe and essential surgical care on a global scale. Innovative methods of surgical training have been used in sub-Saharan Africa to attempt to improve the efficiency of training healthcare workers in surgery. Simulation training may have an important role in up-scaling and improving the efficiency of surgical training and has been widely used in SSA. Though not intended to be a systematic review, the role of simulation for teaching surgical skills in Sub-Saharan Africa was reviewed to assess the evidence for use and outcomes

Child neurodevelopment after multidomain interventions from preconception through early childhood

ImportanceMultidomain interventions in pregnancy and early childhood have improved child neurodevelopment, but little is known about the effects of additional preconception interventions.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a multifaceted approach including health; nutrition; water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); and psychosocial support interventions delivered during the preconception period and/or during pregnancy and early childhood on child neurodevelopment.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this randomized trial involving low- and middle-income neighborhoods in Delhi, India, 13 500 participants were assigned to preconception interventions or routine care for the primary outcome of preterm births and childhood growth. Participants who became pregnant were randomized to pregnancy and early childhood interventions or routine care. Neurodevelopmental assessments, the trial’s secondary outcome reported herein, were conducted in a subsample of children at age 24 months, including 509 with preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood interventions; 473 with preconception interventions alone; 380 with pregnancy and early childhood interventions alone; and 350 with routine care. This study was conducted from November 1, 2020, through February 25, 2022.InterventionsHealth, nutrition, psychosocial care and support, and WASH interventions delivered during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood periods.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCognitive, motor, language, and socioemotional performance at age 24 months, assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3 tool.ResultsThe mean age of participants at enrollment was 23.8 years (SD, 3.0 years). Compared with the controls at age 24 months, children in the preconception intervention groups had higher cognitive scores (mean difference [MD], 1.16; 98.3% CI, 0.18-2.13) but had similar language, motor, and socioemotional scores as controls. Those receiving pregnancy and early childhood interventions had higher cognitive (MD, 1.48; 98.3% CI, 0.49-2.46), language (MD, 2.29; 98.3% CI, 1.07-3.50), motor (MD, 1.53; 98.3% CI, 0.65-2.42), and socioemotional scores (MD, 4.15; 98.3% CI, 2.18-6.13) than did controls. The pregnancy and early childhood group also had lower incidence rate ratios (RRs) of moderate to severe delay in cognitive (incidence RR, 0.62; 98.3% CI, 0.40-0.96), language (incidence RR, 0.73; 98.3% CI, 0.57-0.93), and socioemotional (incidence RR, 0.49; 98.3% CI, 0.24-0.97) development than did those in the control group. Children in the preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood intervention group had higher cognitive (MD, 2.60; 98.3% CI, 1.08-4.12), language (MD, 3.46; 98.3% CI, 1.65-5.27), motor (MD, 2.31; 98.3% CI, 0.93-3.69), and socioemotional (MD, 5.55; 98.3% CI, 2.66-8.43) scores than did those in the control group.Conclusions and RelevanceMultidomain interventions during preconception, pregnancy and early childhood led to modest improvements in child neurodevelopment at 24 months. Such interventions for enhancing children’s development warrant further evaluation