Economic Analysis of Impact Assessment of Production Technology of Paddy Cultivation in Nasik Region of Maharashtra in India

The study had assessed the impact assessment of production technology of paddy cultivation in Nasik region of Maharashtra for the year 2016-17, based on the data of costs and returns. Analytical techniques like benefit-cost ratio (BCR), technology adoption index, yield gap, were exercised to have the extent of economic impact of improved paddy technology. High adopter group earned the net profit of ` 2298.09/ha (BCR=1.32) compared to ` 3629.3/ha ( BCR= 1.06) for low adopter group. Average technology adoption index was 71.57 per cent indicating that the farmers adopting recommended production technology of paddy could get yield of 41.63q/ha. Factor share analysis showed that contribution of Char-sutri method to the total yield was the highest yield (i.e. 32.84 per cent) which was followed by urea (19.76 per cent), doses of manures (12.02 per cent), intercultural operation, planting distance, transplanting time contributes about 8.09 per cent etc. respectively. Estimates of yield gap analysis proved existence of yield gap in all level which ranged from 41 percent (low adopter) to 23 percent (high adopter). So, reduction or bridging up the yield gap may be utmost priority to increase the overall production and income of the farmers

Assessment of Poisson's Ratio for Hydroxy-terminated Polybutadine-based Solid Rocket Propellants

Poisson's ratio of hydroxy-terminated polybutadine (HTPB)-based composite propellant is estimated from uni-axial tensile testing. Double dumbbell specimens as per ASTM D638 type IV standard were used and Poisson's ratio at break, obtained by change in volume of specimen, was calculated as approximately 0.25. It was also observed that Poisson's ratio is different along different lateral directions of the propellant specimen. Poisson's ratios in two orthogonal directions perpendicular to longitudinal axis were calculated as 0.17 and 0.30. As ASTM specimen has rectangular cross-section of approximate size 6 mm x 4 mm, the directional behaviour of Poisson's ratio may be attributed to initial dimensions. Prismatic propellant specimen with square cross-section and of 115 mm x 6 mm x 6 mm dimension do not show any variation wrt Young's modulus,tensile strength, and percentage elongation as compared to ASTM specimen. Directional behaviour of Poisson's ratio with almost similar numerical value was again observed, thus ruling out dependence of this behaviour on different initial dimensions of propellant cross-section. Further, Poisson's ratio varies linearly with strain even in linear portion of stress-strain curve in uni-axial tensile testing. The rate of reduction of Poisson's ratio with increase in strain is slower in linear region and it accelerates after dewetting due to formation of vacuoles. Variation of Poisson's ratio with strain has two different slopes in linear (slope = 0.3165) and nonlinear regions (slope = 0.61364). Numerical value of slope for variation of Poisson's ratio with strain almost doubles after dewetting. It must be noted that no change in volume does not necessarily indicate constant Poisson's ratioequal to 0.5. Composite propellants behave as compressible material in most of the regions and near-failure region or at higher strains; Poisson's ratio is not anywhere near to 0.5, instead it is near 0.25.Defence Science Journal, 2010, 60(5), pp.497-501, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.60.57

Two-channel conduction in YbPtBi

We investigated transport, magnetotransport, and broadband optical properties of the half-Heusler compound YbPtBi. Hall measurements evidence two types of charge carriers: highly mobile electrons with a temperature-dependent concentration and low-mobile holes; their concentration stays almost constant within the investigated temperature range from 2.5 to 300 K. The optical spectra (10 meV - 2.7 eV) can be naturally decomposed into contributions from intra- and interband absorption processes, the former manifesting themselves as two Drude bands with very different scattering rates, corresponding to the charges with different mobilities. These results of the optical measurements allow us to separate the contributions from electrons and holes to the total conductivity and to implement a two-channel-conduction model for description of the magnetotransport data. In this approach, the electron and hole mobilities are found to be around 50000 and 10 cm$^{2}$/Vs at the lowest temperatures (2.5 K), respectively.Comment: 6 page

Application of Hertz Vector Diffraction Theory to the Diffraction of Focused Gaussian Beams and Calculations of Focal Parameters

Hertz vector diffraction theory is applied to a focused TEM00 Gaussian light field passing through a circular aperture. The resulting theoretical vector field model reproduces plane-wave diffractive behavior for severely clipped beams, expected Gaussian beam behavior for unperturbed focused Gaussian beams as well as unique diffracted-Gaussian behavior between the two regimes. The maximum intensity obtainable and the width of the beam in the focal plane are investigated as a function of the clipping ratio between the aperture radius and the beam width in the aperture plane

The Real Time Hardware Design and simulation of moving message Display System Integrated with PLCC Modem

This paper serves as a general and technical orientation on the one of application of  "Power line Carrier (PLC) Communication Systems" with scrolling message on LED/LCD with keyboard facility in real time with the presentation of a widespread and detailed analysis on the standards, characteristics, technologies, products and development associated and currently being deployed in the PLC communication systems. Since the developments and research on the subject had been relatively new in India and information scattered, the lack of collective information had been the primary Initiative behind this research. Power Line Carrier (PLC) is still widely used to provide real-time communications for protection of high voltage transmission lines. This PLCC module provides bi-directional half-duplex communication over the mains of any voltage up to (220-250)V AC and for frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Usually modules is in receiving mode all the time attending to incoming communication on the power line. This application gives serial data to transmit on its RX-IN pin, it switches over to transmit and transmits the data through power line. Once transmit process is complete it switches back to receive mode. During transmission of data by Red LED indicates user that data is transmitting. At the receiving end receipt data  indicated by Green LED which is on TX out pin itself. Data communication of the modules is clear to user’s data terminals and protocol self-determining; as a result, multiple units can be connected to the mains without affecting the operation of the others. In this we can connect the PLC modem to the Atmega 16 controller and then program it and simulated with ISP connector and then at last connect PLC system to the AC power plug.   Keywords :  PLCC Modem ,LED Panels, Keyboard decode