Optimizing Filter-Probe Diffusion Weighting in the Rat Spinal Cord for Human Translation

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a promising biomarker of spinal cord injury (SCI). In the acute aftermath, DTI in SCI animal models consistently demonstrates high sensitivity and prognostic performance, yet translation of DTI to acute human SCI has been limited. In addition to technical challenges, interpretation of the resulting metrics is ambiguous, with contributions in the acute setting from both axonal injury and edema. Novel diffusion MRI acquisition strategies such as double diffusion encoding (DDE) have recently enabled detection of features not available with DTI or similar methods. In this work, we perform a systematic optimization of DDE using simulations and an in vivo rat model of SCI and subsequently implement the protocol to the healthy human spinal cord. First, two complementary DDE approaches were evaluated using an orientationally invariant or a filter-probe diffusion encoding approach. While the two methods were similar in their ability to detect acute SCI, the filter-probe DDE approach had greater predictive power for functional outcomes. Next, the filter-probe DDE was compared to an analogous single diffusion encoding (SDE) approach, with the results indicating that in the spinal cord, SDE provides similar contrast with improved signal to noise. In the SCI rat model, the filter-probe SDE scheme was coupled with a reduced field of view (rFOV) excitation, and the results demonstrate high quality maps of the spinal cord without contamination from edema and cerebrospinal fluid, thereby providing high sensitivity to injury severity. The optimized protocol was demonstrated in the healthy human spinal cord using the commercially-available diffusion MRI sequence with modifications only to the diffusion encoding directions. Maps of axial diffusivity devoid of CSF partial volume effects were obtained in a clinically feasible imaging time with a straightforward analysis and variability comparable to axial diffusivity derived from DTI. Overall, the results and optimizations describe a protocol that mitigates several difficulties with DTI of the spinal cord. Detection of acute axonal damage in the injured or diseased spinal cord will benefit the optimized filter-probe diffusion MRI protocol outlined here

A STUDY ON CLOUD COMPUTING EFFICIENT JOB SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS

cloud computing is a general term used to depict another class of system based computing that happens over the web. The essential advantage of moving to Clouds is application versatility. Cloud computing is extremely advantageous for the application which are sharing their resources on various hubs. Scheduling the errand is a significant testing in cloud condition. Typically undertakings are planned by client prerequisites. New scheduling techniques should be proposed to defeat the issues proposed by organize properties amongst client and resources. New scheduling systems may utilize a portion of the customary scheduling ideas to consolidate them with some system mindful procedures to give answers for better and more effective employment scheduling. Scheduling technique is the key innovation in cloud computing. This paper gives the study on scheduling calculations. There working regarding the resource sharing. We systemize the scheduling issue in cloud computing, and present a cloud scheduling pecking order

Influence of cyproheptadine on clomipramine induced sexual dysfunction in male rats

Background: In our earlier studies we have reported that clomipramine (clmp) has the ability to suppress male rat sexual behaviour. It was also reported that clomipramine produced dose dependent and time dependent decrease in the testosterone levels and also damage to the testes.Methods: In the present investigation we have challenged the male rats which were under treatment with clomipramine with cyproheptadine a serotonin antagonist. The treatment was continued for 60 days. At the end of 30 days half of the animals in each group were sacrificed blood was collected through cardiac puncture, serum was separated subjected for the estimation of serum testosterone and prolactin. At regular intervals all the male rats under treatment were challenged with female rats which are in oestrous stage and various sexual behaviour parameters were studied for 30 minutes under dim red light.Results: The result reveals that prior treatment with cyproheptadine prevented the decline in testosterone levels induced by clmp, testicular damage was also prevented successfully with cyproheptadine at ½ TD and TD doses of clmp, but failed to maintain at higher doses. The sexual competence of male rats like mount latency, intromission latency, ejaculation latency and other sexual behaviour parameters also restored to normal in the ½ TD clmp treated group. In the rats treated with TD and 2TD clmp only partial improvement was observed.Conclusions: The cyproheptadine a drug used as appetizer has the ability to elevate testosterone levels; it has also protected the testis from clomipramine induced damage. The sexual behaviour of the rats which were under treatment with clomipramine was also restored partially in TD and 2TD whereas the rats which were under ½ TD clmp treatment were restored to normal

CHANGEABLE VEHICLES PATH MAP RELYING ON INTERCONTINENTAL DRIVERS

The brilliant mobility of vehicles also makes routing far complicated once we lack reliable way to infer the long run location of vehicles. However, when thinking about a genuine deployment, the idea of full understanding from the trajectories of vehicles appears impractical because it raises several privacy concerns. The FPF strategy demands partial mobility information, i.e., the power of vehicles inside the urban cells and also the migration ratios between all pairs of urban cells. FPF doesn't consider anyone information. In addition, processing the trajectories of vehicles needs a large computing effort, and gathering similarly info is way from trivial. The brilliant mobility of vehicles also makes routing far complicated once we lack reliable way to infer the long run location of vehicles. Within this work we advise a deployment formula according to migration ratios between urban cells without counting on the person vehicles trajectories. Among several optimization targets, we maximize the amount of distinct vehicles contacting the infrastructure, a fascinating metric whenever we plan to collect and disseminate small traffic bulletins. However, the amount of distant vehicles increases extremely fast once we escape from the chosen urban cell. During hurry hrs the main roads get congested and also the motorists use secondary roads as a substitute for getting away the congestions. The aim of FPF would be to select individual’s urban cells presenting the greatest quantity of uncovered vehicles. FPF might be expressed being an Integer Straight line Programming Formulation. Our goal would be to evaluate the outcome from the mobility info on the deployment performance. We validated our programs by applying the Integer Straight line Programming Formulation. Such result shows that previous understanding from the trajectories from the vehicles isn’t mandatory for achieving a detailed-to-optimal deployment performance whenever we plan to disseminate small traffic bulletins

OPTIMIZATION OF MEDIUM COMPONENTS FOR ANTIBACTERIAL METABOLITE PRODUCTION FROM MARINE STREPTOMYCES SP. PUA2 USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

Objective: The present study is an attempt to optimize the fermentation conditions for the antibacterial compound production from a newly isolated marine Streptomyces strain PUA2 by adopting response surface methodology as the statistical tool. Methods: Prior to using the Response Surface Methodology, Plackett Burmann (PB) design was used to explore the effect of variables on the antibacterial compound production. In PB method, high and low values were assigned for the eight variables viz., glucose, glycerol, soybean meal, manganese chloride, calcium carbonate, peptone and pH. Calcium carbonate and peptone were used as dummy variables. Based on the results of combined effects glycerol, soybean meal, manganese chloride and pH were investigated by 24 full-factorial central composite design. Results: The results of PB method showed the significant effect of glycerol, soybean meal, manganese chloride and pH on the antibacterial compound production. The results of ANOVA and regression of second order model showed that the linear effects of glycerol and manganese chloride and cross products effects of manganese chloride and pH were more significant. All the critical variables having greatest effect on the production of antibacterial compound from marine Streptomyces species PUA2. Optimization of process parameters resulted in increase in antibacterial activity from 7 mm to 14 mm. Conclusion: The factors optimized in the present study were useful for the increased production of antibacterial metabolite from Streptomyces sp PUA2. The result confirms the feasibility of medium optimization to improve antibiotic production