Fertilizer Requirements of Newly Planted Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Seedlings

The results of the present study indicated that height and diameter increments of newly planted teak seedlings were significantly affected by N and P fertilizers. Leaf weight, shoot weight, root weight and total dry matter production showed statistically significant responses to fertilizer application at harvest, one year after planting. Root-shoot ratio decreased as a result of fertilizer application. The present study also revealed that the application of 300 kg/ha triple superphosphate and 200 kg/ha ammonium sulphate are required to enhance the height and diameter growth and total plant weight of newly planted teak seedlings on Penambang soil series

Growth Response of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Seedlings to Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers

Teak (fectona grandis L.f) is one of the high quality timber species in the world. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the growth response of teak seedlings to N, P, K fertilizers. The results of the present study indicated that root weight, leaf area and total plant weight of the teak seedlings were significantly affected by all the three main factors i.e. N, P and K Height increment, leaf weight, shoot weight and root length showed statistically significant responses to N and P fertilizers. The main effects of N and K but not of P were statistically significant for diameter increment. There was significant main effect of N only far root-shoot ratio. The present study also revealed that the application of 564 kg/ha ammonium sulphate, 300 kg/ha triple superphosphate and 75 kg/ha muriate ofpotash are required to enhance height and diameter growth and total plant weight of teak seedlings at nursery stage

Blind Detection of Copy-Move Forgery in Digital Audio Forensics

Although copy-move forgery is one of the most common fabrication techniques, blind detection of such tampering in digital audio is mostly unexplored. Unlike active techniques, blind forgery detection is challenging, because it does not embed a watermark or signature in an audio that is unknown in most of the real-life scenarios. Therefore, forgery localization becomes more challenging, especially when using blind methods. In this paper, we propose a novel method for blind detection and localization of copy-move forgery. One of the most crucial steps in the proposed method is a voice activity detection (VAD) module for investigating audio recordings to detect and localize the forgery. The VAD module is equally vital for the development of the copy-move forgery database, wherein audio samples are generated by using the recordings of various types of microphones. We employ a chaotic theory to copy and move the text in generated forged recordings to ensure forgery localization at any place in a recording. The VAD module is responsible for the extraction of words in a forged audio, and these words are analyzed by applying a 1-D local binary pattern operator. This operator provides the patterns of extracted words in the form of histograms. The forged parts (copy and move text) have similar histograms. An accuracy of 96.59% is achieved, and the proposed method is deemed robust against noise

N-(2-Meth­oxy­phen­yl)-4-methyl­benzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C14H15NO3S, the geometry around the S atom of the SO2 group is distorted tetra­hedral. The meth­oxy- and methyl-substituted aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 71.39 (9)°. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form inversion dimers, which stabilize the crystal structure

N,N′-(Propane-1,3-di­yl)bis­(p-toluene­sulfonamide)

The complete mol­ecule of the title compound, C17H22N2O4S2, is generated by crystallographic twofold symmetry, with one C atom lying on the rotation axis. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 44.04 (7)° and the conformation of the central N—C—C—C group is gauche. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating corrugated (010) sheets, and weak C—H⋯O inter­actions consolidate the packing

N,N′-Bis(3,3-dimethyl­all­yl)-N,N′-(prop­ane-1,3-diyl)dibenzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C25H34N2O4S2, the conformation of the linking N—C—C—C—N chain is gauche-anti [torsion angles = −68.49 (19) and 167.95 (14)°]. The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 89.64 (6)°

N,N′-Diethyl-N,N′-[1,3-phenylene­bis(methyl­ene)]dibenzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C24H28N2O4S2, the dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the pendant rings are 77.44 (11) and 79.23 (10)°, and the dihedral angle between the pendant rings is 23.31 (12)°. Both sulfonamide groups project to the same side of the central benzene ring and the mol­ecule has approximate non-crystallographic mirror symmetry. One of the ethyl side chains is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.526 (14):0.474 (14) ratio. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of weak C—H⋯O inter­actions occur, generating R 2 2(28) loops

N,N′-Bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-N,N′-(1,4-phenylene)dibenzenesulfonamide

The complete mol­ecule of the title compound, C28H32N2O4S2, is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. The dihedral angle between the central and pendant aromatic rings is 46.78 (7)°. The Car—S—N—Car (ar = aromatic) torsion angle is 73.64 (15)° and the bond-angle sum for the N atom is 350.4°. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules, forming a two-dimensional network lying parallel to the bc plane

2,2′,5,5′-Tetra­chloro-N,N′-diethyl-N,N′-[benzene-1,3-diylbis(methyl­ene)]dibenzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C24H24Cl4N2O4S2, the dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the pendant rings are 58.09 (10) and 62.59 (10)°. The dihedral angle between the pendant rings is 81.64 (9)°. Both sulfonamide groups lie to the same side of the central ring but the C—S—N—C torsion angles [73.09 (16) and −117.35 (14)] and S—N—C—C torsion angles [−143.80 (14) and −111.45 (16)°] differ significantly for the two pendant chains. The N atoms are close to planar (bond angle sums = 356.4 and 359.5°). In the crystal, weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl inter­actions link the mol­ecules

N,N′-Diallyl-2,2′,5,5′-tetra­chloro-N,N′-[1,3-phenyl­enebis(methyl­ene)]dibenzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C26H24Cl4N2O4S2, the dihedral angles between the central benzene ring and the pendant rings are 70.07 (12) and 59.07 (12)°. The equivalent angle between the pendant rings is 79.24 (12)°. Both sulfonamide groups lie to the same side of the central ring but the pendant chains have very different conformations, as indicated by their C—S—N—C torsion angles [104.66 (17) and −76.35 (19)°] and S—N—C—C torsion angles [129.61 (17) and 147.10 (17)°]. Both N atoms are close to planar (bond angle sums = 359.0 and 354.8°). In the crystal, inversion dimers are formed via a pair of weak C—H⋯O inter­actions which generate R 2 2(22) loops