Snoqualmia, a new polydesmid milliped genus from the northwestern United States, with a description of two new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae)

Snoqualmia, new genus, is described for two species of polydesmid millipeds from the northwestern United States: Snoqualmia snoqualmie, new species, from Washington State, and S. idaho, new species, from Idaho. Males of S. idaho possess unusually complex gonopods, perhaps the most complex to be found in the Order Polydesmida. Snoqualmia is placed in context with other polydesmid genera known from North America. The polydesmid fauna of North America is discussed, as well as characters of the gonopods of the family

Dharmamegha Samadhi in the Yoga Sutra of Patanjali.

The meaning of the terminology employed within the Yoga Sutra provokes much academic debate. This dissertation aims to examine the meaning and use of the term dharmamegha samadhi within the Yoga Sutra of Patanjali. This new exploration of these terms is prompted by Ranganathan’s (2008) idea that dharma acts as a synonym for morality throughout the text and that in the dharmamegha state the yogi has achieved moral perfection. A study of the use of dharma and dharmamegha samadhi in the Yoga Sutra will allow us to draw tentative conclusions about what Patanjali meant by these terms and how he employed them. This will involve a close textual examination of the Yoga Sutra and of the writings of various translators and exegetes, ancient and contemporary, including several scholarly articles that have, within the past 10 years, dealt exclusively with interpretations of dharma and dharmamegha samadhi within Patanjali. Further background to the historical usage of dharma and dharmamegha samadhi will be gained from studying the works of the other Indian philosophical traditions, via secondary sources. Ranganathan (2008) asserts that dharma/morality is at the very heart of the Yoga Sutra. The findings from this research suggest that whilst an ethical and moral component is found with the yama and niyama section of the Yoga Sutra (2.30ff), the terms dharma and dharmamegha samadhi are used in a specialised and highly specific manner, actually referring to the essential nature of something, rather than acting as a moral or ethical term. A close reading of Patanjali leads me to conclude that dharma and morality are not used synonymously within the Yoga Sutra. Additionally, the terms dharma and dharmamegha samadhi, when compared to other contemporaneous texts, appear to have specialised meanings and are used in specific ways

A review of the Cyphophthalmi of the United States and Mexico, with a proposed reclassification of the suborder (Arachnida, Opiliones). American Museum novitates ; no. 2705

34 p. : ill., map ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-34)."The species of cyphophthalmid opilionids known from the United States and Mexico are surveyed. The genus Neosiro is considered a synonym of Siro; Siro sonoma is described as new. The male genitalia of S. exilis, S. kamiakensis, and S. acaroides are illustrated for the first time, and the male of Neogovea mexasca is newly described. A new scheme of family-level classification is proposed for the suborder worldwide. The family Sironidae Simon is redefined to include the genera Sira, Parasiro, Tranteeva, Odonotosiro, Metasiro, Paramiopsalis, and Suzukielus. Troglosiro is placed here provisionally. The new family Pettalidae is proposed for Pettalus, Purcellia, Parapurcellia, Neopurcellia, Speleosiro, Rakaia, and Chileogovea. The subfamily Stylocellinae Hansen and Sörensen is raised to family rank and redefined to include only the genus Stylocellus. For the genera Ogovea and Huitaca, the new family Ogoveidae is proposed, and for the genera Neogovea, Paragovia, and Metagovea, the new family Neogoveidae. The new arrangement is based upon a cladistic analysis. Arguments against Savory's 1977 proposal to consider the Cyphophthalmi an order of Arachnida separate from Opiliones are presented"--P. [1]

New cyphophthalmid

6 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 5-6)."A newly discovered cyphophthalmid opilionid from a cave in Kenya is the first member of the suborder from East Africa, and exhibits a combination of characters not known from any other species. It cannot be placed at this time in any of the described families of the suborder. The species seems to have affinities with the Sironidae, a Holarctic group. The families Sironidae and Pettalidae are thought to be sister groups making up the superfamily Sironoidea, and the species Marwe coarctata, described here as new, is perhaps the sister group of the two families"--P. [1]

The milliped family Tingupidae (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Brannerioidea). American Museum novitates ; no. 2715

20 p. : ill., map ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 19-20)."The Tingupidae, a family of small, litter and soil-dwelling millipeds, is reviewed and seven new species of Tingupa from western North America are described and illustrated (eldorado, sinuosa, causeyae, auricula, clatskanie, benedictae, and tillamook). The species Buotus carolinus is placed in the Tingupidae; it was described as a polyzoniid. It is suggested that Tingupa utahensis and T. arizonica may be isolated populations of the same species; new records for T. pallida from Arkansas caves are given. The evolutionary relationships and biogeography of the family are briefly discussed"--P. [1]

Armored spiders

46 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-46).The spider families Tetrablemmidae and Pacullidae are surveyed, and their relationships assessed. At present it is unclear whether the families are closest to the 'dysderoids' or to the 'scytodoids'; much more morphological and taxonomic data are needed on these putative superfamilies of spiders. The following species are described as new: Tetrablemma extorris, Monoblemma browni, M. muchmorei, Matta mckenziei, M. atoma, Ablemma berryi, A. aiyura, A. sedgwicki, Singaporemma singularis, Brignoliella beattyi, B. sarawak, Paculla kraui, P. cameronensis, and P. negara. Singaporemma is established as a new genus based on S. singularis, and Fallablemma as a new genus based on Hexablemma castaneum. The genus Hexablemma Berland is considered a synonym of Tetrablemma. The new name Brignoliella is provided for the preoccupied Polyaspis Simon. Tetrablemmidae is divided into two subfamilies: Tetrablemminae O.P.-Cambridge and Brignoliellinae, new. Diblemma O. Pickard-Cambridge is considered a synonym of Opopaea (Oonopidae), and Gossiblemma yapensis Roewer a synonym of Pseudanapis aloha Forster (Anapidae)"--P. [1]

A spider and other arachnids from the Devonian of New York, and reinterpretations of Devonian Araneae

The oldest known spider, from the Devonian (Givelian) of Gilboa. New York, is Atlercopus fimbriunguis (Shear. Sclden and Rolfc). parts of which were originally described as a trigonotarbid. possibly of the genus Gelasinotarbus. Previous reports of Devonian spider fossils, from the Lower Emsian of Alken-an-der-Moscl. Germany, and the Pragian of Rhynie. Scotland, are shown to be erroneous identifications. Atlercopus is placed as sister-laxon to all living spiders, on the basis of characters of the spinneret and the arrangement of the patella-tibia joint of the walking legs. A cladogram of the relationships of all pulmonate arachnids is presented. A pulmonate arachnid from Gilboa. related to Arancae and Amblypygi. is described as Ecchosis pulchribolhrium Selden and Shear, gen. ct sp. nov., and additional arachnid material is described

Millipedes from the Grès à Voltzia, Triassic of France, with comments on Mesozoic millipedes (Diplopoda: Helminthomorpha: Eugnatha)

Hannibaliulus wilsonae, n. gen., n. sp. is described from a series of ten specimens from the early Triassic Grès à Voltzia Lagerstätte of north-east France. ! e best specimens (holotype and paratype) show a probably equal number of around 44 diplosegments. ! e a" nities of the new species appear to be with the Order Callipodida, but clear apomorphies of that order are not observable on the specimens, both of which appear to be female. Other records of Mesozoic diplopods are brie# y discussed and evaluated.Thia is paper is published with the aid of a PEET grant from the National Science Foundation of the United States to WAS, Petra Sierwald and Jason Bond, and with support from the Professional Development Committee of Hampden-Sydney College