43 research outputs found

    De geprotocolleerde Interapy-behandeling van depressie via het internet; resultaten van een gerandomiseerde trial

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    Psychologische behandelingen via internet bieden een nieuwe mogelijkheid voor de geestelijke gezondheidszorg. In samenwerking met de Stichting Mentrum ggz Amsterdam heeft Interapy een behandeling voor depressie via internet opgezet. De behandeling bestaat uit cognitief-gedragstherapeutische interventies, zoals psycho-educatie, schrijfopdrachten, registratie, activatie, het uitdagen van negatieve automatische gedachten en terugvalpreventie. Dit artikel beschrijft de procedure, de behandeling en de resultaten van een vergelijkende studie onder cliënten die matig tot ernstig depressief waren. De cliënten die direct actief werden behandeld (N = 32) verbeterden significant meer dan de cliënten in de psycho-educatieconditie (N = 14). Deze tweede groep kreeg de actieve behandeling ongeveer twaalf weken later. De effecten waren groot. In de actief behandelde groep liet 75 procent van de cliënten klinisch relevante verbetering zien, in de psycho-educatieconditie was dat percentage 36. Uit de follow-up na zes weken bleek dat de verbeteringen standhielden

    Troglobitic millipedes (Diplopoda: Paradoxosomatidae) from semi-arid Cape Range, Western Australia: systematics and biology

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    Paradoxosomatid millipedes are an important component of the rich troglobitic fauna of the semi-arid tropical Cape Range, Western Australia. They are found in at least 55 of the 282 caves known from Cape Range covering >500 km2. The millipedes occur in dense populations only in areas of high relative humidity and organic carbon content. They appear to be opportunistic and are able to grow and breed rapidly on the intermittently available patches of organic matter washed into the caves by unpredictable rainfall. A new genus of paradoxosomatid millipedes (Stygiochiropus, gen. nov.), comprising three species (S. communis, sp. nov., S. sympatricus, sp. nov., and S. isolatus, sp. nov.) is described from the caves. A key is provided for males, but females cannot be identified. The only widespread species (S. communis) separates into three provinces between which there are many fixed allelic differences, as determined by allozyme electrophoresis. Although these genetic provinces are separated by deep gorges that cut through the cavernous limestone into the underlying non-cavernous strata, the millipede populations cannot be separated using morphological criteria. The affinities of the millipedes are unknown, but they are part of a rich community of troglobites (>26 species) of which many species have affinities with the northern wet tropical forest fauna, rather than with the current semi-arid fauna.W. F. Humphreys and W. A. Shea

    A new blind cavernicolous lygromma (araneae, gnaphosidae) from the galĂĄpagos islands

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    Lygromma anops sp. nov. (Gnaphosidae, Araneae) is described from lava tubes on Isla Santa Cruz, GalĂĄpagos, Ecuador. The species appears to have no known close relatives in the GalĂĄpagos Islands or on the South American mainland

    The first Permian centipedes from Russia

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    While fossils of myriapods are well-known from the Devonian and Carboniferous, until recently sediments from the Permian have been largely devoid of the remains of this important group of terrestrial arthropods. Only one locality reported to yield fossils of a single species of millipede has been cited for the Permian, and that through a reevaluation of strata previously thought to be Triassic. We report fossils of two species of scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda), Permocrassacus novokshonovi gen. et sp. nov., from the lower Permian of Tshekarda (the Urals, Russia) and Permocryptops shelleyi gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Permian of Isady (North European Russia). These are the first centipedes to be reported and the second and third myriapods to be formally named from the Permian Period. They are compared to previously described scolopendromorphs from the Carboniferous and Cretaceous. The new species possess enlarged ultimate legs, which probably were used as means of anchoring themselves to the substrate, or to aid in defense and prey capture

    Converging on the orb: denser taxon sampling elucidates spider phylogeny and new analytical methods support repeated evolution of the orb web

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    Postponed access: the file will be accessible after 2021-10-29High throughput sequencing and phylogenomic analyses focusing on relationships among spiders have both reinforced and upturned long‐standing hypotheses. Likewise, the evolution of spider webs—perhaps their most emblematic attribute—is being understood in new ways. With a matrix including 272 spider species and close arachnid relatives, we analyze and evaluate the relationships among these lineages using a variety of orthology assessment methods, occupancy thresholds, tree inference methods and support metrics. Our analyses include families not previously sampled in transcriptomic analyses, such as Symphytognathidae, the only araneoid family absent in such prior works. We find support for the major established spider lineages, including Mygalomorphae, Araneomorphae, Synspermiata, Palpimanoidea, Araneoidea and the Retrolateral Tibial Apophysis Clade, as well as the uloborids, deinopids, oecobiids and hersiliids Grade. Resulting trees are evaluated using bootstrapping, Shimodaira–Hasegawa approximate likelihood ratio test, local posterior probabilities and concordance factors. Using structured Markov models to assess the evolution of spider webs while accounting for hierarchically nested traits, we find multiple convergent occurrences of the orb web across the spider tree‐of‐life. Overall, we provide the most comprehensive spider tree‐of‐life to date using transcriptomic data and use new methods to explore controversial issues of web evolution, including the origins and multiple losses of the orb web.acceptedVersio

    Conflict between datasets and phylogeny of centipedes: an analysis based on seven genes and morphology

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    Although the phylogeny of centipedes has found ample agreement based on morphology, recent analyses incorporating molecular data show major conflict at resolving the deepest nodes in the centipede tree. While some genes support the classical (morphological) hypothesis, others suggest an alternative tree in which the relictual order Craterostigmomorpha, restricted to Tasmania and New Zealand, is resolved as the sister group to all other centipedes. We combined all available data including seven genes (totalling more than 8 kb of genetic information) and 153 morphological characters for 24 centipedes, and conducted a sensitivity analysis to evaluate where the conflict resides. Our data showed that the classical hypothesis is obtained primarily when nuclear ribosomal genes exert dominance in the character data matrix (at high gap costs), while the alternative tree is obtained when protein-encoding genes account for most of the cladogram length (at low gap costs). In this particular case, the addition of genetic data does not produce a more stable hypothesis for deep centipede relationships than when analysing certain genes independently, but the overall conflict in the data can be clearly detected via a sensitivity analysis, and support and stability of shallow nodes increase as data are added

    First identifiable Mesozoic harvestman (Opiliones: Dyspnoi) from Cretaceous Burmese amber

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    Two inclusions in a piece of Upper Cretaceous (Albian) Burmese amber from Myanmar are described as a harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones), Halitherses grimaldii new genus and species. The first Mesozoic harvestman to be named can be referred to the suborder Dyspnoi for the following reasons: prosoma divided into two regions, the posterior formed by the fusion of the meso- and metapeltidium; palp lacking a terminal claw, with clavate setae, and tarsus considerably shorter than the tibia. The bilobed, anteriorly projecting ocular tubercle is reminiscent of that of ortholasmatine nemastomatids. The status of other Mesozoic fossils referred to Opiliones is briefly reviewed
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