Eye Action

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay\u27s first paragraph. \u27Give her a little eye action.\u27 \u27What?\u27 \u27The girl over there. She just looked over at you. Give her a little eye action.\u2

Race and Reparations in Providence, Rhode Island: The Role of Public History in Racial Justice

Contemporary critiques of race reparations programs in the United States often highlight two primary concerns: the shortcomings of similar policy in the past, and a perception of reparations as a kneejerk response to nationwide protests against police violence. This article presents the city of Providence’s 2020 reparations project as a potential response to these criticisms. By contextualizing the bill within the history of reparations in the United States and decades of historical activism on racial violence in the history of Southern New England, this article establishes Providence’s reparations project not simply as a reaction to recent racial justice activism, but rather the culmination of decades of historical and transitional justice activism through public history and art projects around the region. As public policy deeply grounded in historical research and an understanding of past attempts at restorative justice, Mayor Jorge Elorza’s reparations project presents a fresh, holistic approach to reparations, including an independent research commission, targeted recommendations for project implementation, and involvement from civil society organizations, government agencies, and law enforcement. This project has placed Providence on the growing list of American cities pursuing race reparations programs, and its implementation could serve as a barometer for measuring the effectiveness of public history projects and awareness programs in facilitating public support necessary for effective reparations

Design And Modeling Of Radiation Hardened Ldmosfet For Space Craft Power Systems

NASA missions require innovative power electronics system and component solutions with long life capability, high radiation tolerance, low mass and volume, and high reliability in space environments. Presently vertical double-diffused MOSFETs (VDMOS) are the most widely used power switching device for space power systems. It is proposed that a new lateral double-diffused MOSFET (LDMOS) designed at UCF can offer improvements in total dose and single event radiation hardness, switching performance, development and manufacturing costs, and total mass of power electronics systems. Availability of a hardened fast-switching power MOSFET will allow space-borne power electronics to approach the current level of terrestrial technology, thereby facilitating the use of more modern digital electronic systems in space. It is believed that the use of a p+/p-epi starting material for the LDMOS will offer better hardness against single-event burnout (SEB) and single-event gate rupture (SEGR) when compared to vertical devices fabricated on an n+/n-epi material. By placing a source contact on the bottom-side of the p+ substrate, much of the hole current generated by a heavy ion strike will flow away from the dielectric gate, thereby reducing electrical stress on the gate and decreasing the likelihood of SEGR. Similarly, the device is hardened against SEB by the redirection of hole current away from the base of the device\u27s parasitic bipolar transistor. Total dose hardness is achieved by the use of a standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process that has shown proven hardness against total dose radiation effects

Barrier Island Evolution, Delta Plain Development, and Chenier Plain Formation in Louisiana.

Coastal Louisiana has long served as a laboratory for delta and chenier plain research due to the presence of North America\u27s largest river, the Mississippi. The development and preservation of transgressive depositional systems in abandoned delta complexes follows the process of transgressive submergence in which the horizontal component of reworking occurs during shoreface retreat, combined with a vertical component of submergence acting to preserve the sequence. The evolution of transgressive depositional systems in each of the abandoned Holocene Mississippi River delta complexes can be summarized in a three-stage model beginning with stage 1, an erosional headland and flanking barriers; stage 2, a transgressive barrier island arc; and stage 3, an inner shelf shoal. The current Mississippi River delta model depicts a single Holocene delta plain consisting of six delta complexes sequentially deposited over the last 7000 years by the delta switching process. The delta plain is now viewed as consisting of two separate delta plains deposited at different sea level positions. Termed the Modern and Late Holocene, these two delta plains are separated by a regional ravinement surface several hundred kilometers along strike in extent and bounded updip by a relict shoreline of maximum transgression, the Teche shoreline. The Late Holocene delta plain consists of a set of delta complexes deposited during a sea level stillstand some 6 m below the present, 7000-4000 yBP. A relative sea level rise between 4000-3000 yBP to about present sea level led to the transgressive submergence of the Late Holocene delta plain, generating Trinity Shoal, Ship Shoal, and the Teche shoreline. The Modern delta plain began building seaward of the Teche shoreline about 3000 yBP. The St. Bernard and Lafourche delta complexes and associated transgressive shorelines represent the abandoned portions of the Modern delta plain, separated from the underlying Late Holocene delta plain by the regional Teche ravinement surface

The Effects of Fabry-Perot Fringing on the Sensitivity of a Wavelength Modulation Experiment

Parasitic Fabry-Perot etaloning plagues many experiments which use wavelength modulation spectroscopy. This fringing, which is an artifact that almost always appears in such experiments, arises from multiple reflections in the optical elements in the experimental apparatus. The etaloning plays a detrimental role and limits the ultimate sensitivity of wavelength modulation spectroscopy experiments. The research described in this thesis investigates this phenomenon. Experimental results are presented which show that when the Q-factor of the parasitic etalon is smaller that that of the absorption line being measured, significant improvement in the Signal to Fringe Noise Ratio can be obtained through the use of higher harmonic detection. A model is developed and experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions. The extremely good agreement obtained enables us to extract accurate values for the modeling parameters. Line centers, line widths, and optical absorption cross-sections of several lines in the oxygen A-band are measured with high accuracy using the etalon as a reference

Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Breeding \u3ci\u3eButeo\u3c/i\u3e Hawks in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion

Post-construction raptor fatality and nest monitoring is typically conducted at wind energy projects nationwide. However, pre- and post-construction surveys may fail to locate all breeding pairs and most studies at individual wind projects lack the necessary sample size or survey design to assess the effects of turbines on nesting raptors after construction. To address these potential issues, I used an information-theoretic approach to examine the influence of multiple spatial and temporal variables on reproductive success, post-fledging survival, and the distribution of breeding pairs from three sympatric Buteo species in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion (CPE). Although the probability of detecting breeding pairs was relatively high (71-90%, ± 0.09-0.05), and sampling units were likely to be re-occupied (76-100% ± 0.14-0.10), I was not able to locate all nests in the 2010 or 2011 breeding seasons despite multiple surveys for each species. The occurrence of breeding pairs was not associated with wind turbines or surrounding habitat types; instead ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) selected areas in relation to the density of nesting substrates. Swainson’s hawks (Buteo swainsoni) were more likely to nest in areas with other breeding Buteo pairs, but my results suggest that all three species may have minimized competition through staggered nesting and spatial segregation. According to nest survival models, the daily survival rate (DSR) of ferruginous hawk nests decreased as the number of wind turbines within the home range buffer (32 km2) increased (ß̂ = -0.89, SE = 0.39, 85% CI = -1.47 to -0.30). I found no effect of turbines on the DSR for red-tailed hawk nests or any additional variables affecting the DSR for Swainson’s hawk nests. I radio-marked a combined total of 60 nestlings from all three species. After fledging, none of them died directly as a result of collisions with wind turbines. This was likely due, in part, to the limited size of the natal home range (2.38 km2, SD = 1.48), and the relatively short duration of the post-fledging period (χ ̅ range = 20.75 to 31.60 days ± 1.14 to 3.30). However, the DSR during the post-fledging period was best explained by species, distance to the nearest wind turbine (ß̂ = 1.14, SE = 0.67, 85% CI = 0.19 to 2.10), and a quadratic effect of age. Juveniles of all three species hatched from nests closer to turbines were more likely to die from predation or starvation just after fledging and prior to initiating natal dispersal compared to those from nests further away. Taken together, these results suggest a greater effect of wind turbines on ferruginous hawk reproduction compared to the other two congeneric species. The causes of this negative association between wind turbines and these reproductive measures are unknown, but could potentially include collision mortality or indirect impacts such as disturbance or displacement of adult hawks. I recommend that methods for raptor nest surveys on wind energy projects be standardized to better facilitate the meta-analysis of long-term data and account for imperfect detection of breeding pairs. Future research should focus on the risk of collision mortality to breeding adult raptors and indirect impacts to reproduction. These data will be vital to understanding the consequences of wind turbine impacts to regional populations

Experimental Investigation of an Actively Controlled Three-Dimensional Turret Wake

Hemispherical turrets are bluff bodies commonly used to house optical systems on airborne platforms. These bluff bodies develop complex, three-dimensional flow fields that introduce high mean and fluctuating loads to the turret as well as the airframe support structure which reduce the performance of both the optical systems and the aircraft. An experimental investigation of the wake of a three-dimensional, non-conformal turret was performed in a low-speed wind tunnel at Syracuse University to develop a better understanding of the fundamental flow physics associated with the turret wake. The flow field was studied at a diameter based Reynolds number of 550,000 using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry and dynamic pressure measurements both with and without active flow control. Pressure measurements were simultaneously sampled with the PIV measurements and taken on the surrounding boundary layer plate and at several locations on the turret geometry. Active flow control of the turret wake was performed around the leading edge of the turret aperture using dynamic suction in steady open-loop, unsteady open-loop, and simple closed-loop configurations. Analysis of the uncontrolled wake provided insight into the complex three-dimensional wake when evaluated spatially using PIV measurements and temporally using spectral analysis of the pressure measurements. Steady open-loop suction was found to significantly alter the spatial and temporal nature of the turret wake despite the control being applied locally to the aperture region of the turret. Unsteady open-loop and simple closed-loop control were found to provide similar levels of control to the steady open-loop forcing with a 45% reduction in the control input as calculated using the jet momentum coefficient. The data set collected provides unique information regarding the development of the baseline three-dimensional wake and the wake with three different active flow control configurations. These data can be used to help guide future studies, both experimental and computational, of similar geometries and to provide insight for developing active control systems for complex, three-dimensional flows