Festulolium seed production dependence on fertilizer application system

ArticleFestulolium ( × Festulolium F. Aschers. et Graebn.) is a new perennial grass Роасеае family. The benefits of this culture are good regrow capacity, increased sugars content and higher winter hardiness. It can be used as a green feed when c reating cultivated hayfields and pastures. Widespread application of this new culture for forage production is constrained by the shortage of seeds, due to the imperfection of their production technologies. There are still very few of studies on the biolog y and technology of Festulolium cultivation in the forest - steppe of the Central Chernozem Region of Russia (CCR). The experiments involved the VIC - 90 Festulolium variety with the first crop being the vetch - oat mixture harvested for green fodder. The soil in the experimental plots was leached medium thick medium loamy chernozem. The humus content in the arable horizon was 4.56%, pH was 4.9, degree of base saturatio n was 74‒86%, P 2 O 5 content was 129 mg kg - 1 , K 2 O content was 115 mg kg - 1 (according to Chirikov) and the hydrothermal index was 1.13. The experiment included the following variants: no fertilizer application (control) and application of mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer) at different doses. Soil preparation was conventional for seed swards of perennial grasses in the CCR. Festulolium was sown in broad drills by coverless sowing to the depth of 0.5 – 1.0 cm at the s eeding rate of 6.0 kg ha - 1 . Experiments, records, observations and determination of economic and bioenergetic efficiency were carried out according to conventional procedures. It was found that the climatic conditions in the forest steppe of the CCR were f avorable for Festulolium seed cultivation. Application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in autumn at a dose of 60 kg ha - 1 of active ingredient (AI) ensures the formation of high yielding erect seed - producing sward, and can increase harvest energy efficiency an average by 1.45‒1.82 times and obtain 591‒620 kg ha - 1 of certified seeds. The greatest profitability of production (179%) and the highest notional farm net income (RUB 43,000 per hectare) are provided by a single application of ammonium nitrate fertili zer at a dose of 60 kg ha - 1 of active ingredient in autumn (after vegetative mass topping)

The effect of herbicides on seed productivity of Festulolium

ArticleAn artificially developed intergeneric hybrid Festulolium (+Festulolium F. Aschers, et Graebn.) is the best forage crop with high energy and protein nutrition value which can be used for green fodder when creating cultural haylands and pastures. The advantages of this crop are high regrow capacity, high content of sugars and good winter hardiness. Wide use of this new crop in fodder production is constrained, firstly, because the crop is yet new and little known and, secondly, because there is a lack of seeds due to imperfections in the production technology. There are still very few scientific studies on the biology and technology of Festulolium cultivation in the forest-steppe of the Central Chernozem Region of Russia. In our works we were the first to study the biological features of Festulolium and develop the main technological methods of growing and harvesting its seeds. The work was carried out in long-term studies of the Department of Crop Science, Forage Production and Agricultural Technologies of Voronezh State Agrarian University in 2009 2011. The soil in the experimental plot was leached medium loamy chernozem. The experiments involved the VIK-90 Festulolium variety with the preceding crop being the vetch-oat mixture harvested for green fodder. The soil preparation was conventional for seed herbage of perennial grasses in the Central Chernozem Region. The associated records and observations were made according to conventional methods adopted in the seed production of perennial grasses. A high efficiency of the Aurorex (0.55 L ha -1 ) and the Dicamba (0.15 L ha -1 ) herbicides in the suppression of annual and perennial dicotyledonous weed plants has been identified. The application of these herbicides has significantly reduced (by 40-73%) the weed infestation of seed herbage in the first year of vegetation and, as a result, has improved its structure and crop quality. The use of the developed agricultural techniques allows reducing the energy costs and receiving an average of 433 496 kg ha -1 of certified seeds

Film agents as an effective means of reducing seed shattering in Festulolium

ArticleIn the conditions of the forest steppe of the Central Chernozem region, methods were studied to reduce shatter losses in the pre-harvesting period for Festulolium during the period 2009–2011, applying the film forming agents, Elastik (0.8–1.2 L ha-1), Bifaktor (0.8–1.2 L ha-1), and Metylan Universal Premium (1.4–3.8 kg ha-1). The agents were used at seed humidity levels of between 60–65%. Following anti-shattering treatment, seed moisture content gradually decreased. The application of film forming agents prevented seed shattering, and seeds were harvested by direct combining at a humidity of between 20–25% without heavy losses being suffered. Moreover, decreased seed losses due to film forming agents significantly reduced the cost of seed heap drying. In the control treatment, the seed yield amounted to 214.8 kg ha-1, and 360.7 kg ha-1 was lost as a result of natural seed shattering in the process of ripening. The Elastik and Bifaktor preparations prevented seed shattering and contributed to the preservation of a seed yield of between 522.1–563.5 kg ha-1. The application of film forming agents contributed to a reduction in losses during harvesting within the range of 9.7–16.8%. Application of the Metylan Universal Premium glue in the studied doses provided a significant increase of seed yield. The highest seed yield (490.1–495.2 kg ha-1) was obtained in the treatment which used a Metylan application at a dose of 3.0–3.4 kg ha-1, where seed shattering was reduced by 14.8–17.6%

ПАМЯТЬ КУЛЬТУРЫ: АВТОБИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ НАРРАТИВ В.В. ВЕЙДЛЕ

“Memory of Culture” as a special topic of research and discussion is currently acquiring new conceptual turns and substantive aspects. It covers many thematic layers: philosophical, existential, historical, social. At the same time, although the relevant topics are pervasive and literally gaining greater conceptual coverage before our very eyes, the presence of some ideological basis is becoming more and more clear in it, which allows even in the dynamic conditions of our time to call this topic an intellectual constant of culture. Autobiographical narratives appear as a special cultural and historical expression of the unity of this topic. They act in this role because of their fundamental concreteness and immersion in historical situations, making cultural memory especially relevant. The author demonstrates this feature of the autobiographical narrative by referring to one of the key figures in the philosophy of the culture of the Russian emigration ‒ Vladimir Vasilyevich Weidle. His memories “Winter Sun” and “Evening Day” provide an opportunity to see many refractions of human memory in the cultural and philosophical heritage. The theme of memory and the author's self-awareness gains a special resonance in the context of Weidyle's life trajectories, and his discourses on art in an era of cultural crisis are today, in fact, predictive and demonstrate the philosophical significance of cultural memory.«Память культуры» как особая тема исследований и обсуждений в настоящее время приобретает новые концептуальные развороты и содержательные аспекты. Она охватывает множество тематических пластов: философский, экзистенциальный, исторический, социальный. В то же время, хотя релевантная тематика весьма обширна и обретает буквально на наших глазах все больший понятийный охват, в ней все четче проступает присутствие некоторого идейного основания, позволяющего даже в динамичных условиях современности называть эту тематику интеллектуальной константой культуры. Особым культурно-историческим выражением единства этой тематики предстают и автобиографические нарративы. Они выступают в этой роли в силу их принципиальной конкретности, их погруженности в исторические ситуации, что придает культурной памяти особую актуальность. Автор демонстрирует эту особенность автобиографического нарратива, обращаясь к одной из ключевых фигур в философии культуры русского зарубежья ‒ Владимиру Васильевичу Вейдле. Его воспоминания «Зимнее солнце» и «Вечерний день» дают возможность увидеть множество преломлений человеческой памяти в культурном и философском наследии. Тема памяти и авторского самосознания приобретает особое звучание в контексте жизненных траекторий Ведйле, а его рассуждения об искусстве в эпоху кризиса культуры оказываются сегодня, по сути, прогностическими и демонстрируют философскую значимость культурной памяти

Functional «cost» of technical and tactical activities in football

Objective: to study the objective and subjective parameters of the functional “cost” of technical and tactical activities (TRIMP, standard units, RPE, score) and compare them with the expert assessment of technical and tactical readiness of young professional football players (EXPERT, score). Materials and methods: 30 students of the professional football academy (mean age 16.4±1.2 years) were tested with Polar Team Pro sports technology from Polar (Finland). The professional football coaches (n=6, license A-C) after each official game scored (from 1-10).an expert assessment of the implementation of the players technical and tactical readiness. Results: a linear relationship between the physiological indicator “training impulse” (TRIMP) and the expert assessment of coaches of technical and tactical readiness were found. Were revealed that RPE subjective information from athletes-players is a convenient express method of receiving feedback, but it does not demonstrate a high correlation with technical and tactical readiness. The variance analysis found a decrease in functional costs in official matches relative to training sessions. Conclusion: the combined monitoring of subjective (RPE) and objective (TRIMP) parameters of functional “cost” is the most effective in practice

Fragmentation of relativistic nuclei in peripheral interactions in nuclear track emulsion

The technique of nuclear track emulsions is used to explore the fragmentation of light relativistic nuclei down to the most peripheral interactions - nuclear "white" stars. A complete pattern of therelativistic dissociation of a $^8$B nucleus with target fragment accompaniment is presented. Relativistic dissociation $^{9}$Be$\to2\alpha$ is explored using significant statistics and a relative contribution of $^{8}$Be decays from 0$^+$ and 2$^+$ states is established. Target fragment accompaniments are shown for relativistic fragmentation $^{14}$N$\to$3He+H and $^{22}$Ne$\to$5He. The leading role of the electromagnetic dissociation on heavy nuclei with respect to break-ups on target protons is demonstrated in all these cases. It is possible to conclude that the peripheral dissociation of relativistic nuclei in nuclear track emulsion is a unique tool to study many-body systems composed of lightest nuclei and nucleons in the energy scale relevant for nuclear astrophysics.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, conference: Relativistic nuclear physics: from Nuclotron to LHC energies, Kiev, June 18-22, 200

Special features of the 9^9Be→\to2He fragmentation in emulsion at an energy of 1.2~A~GeV

The results of investigations of the relativistic $^9$Be nucleus fragmentation in emulsion which entails the production of two He fragments of an energy of 1.2~A~GeV are presented. The results of the angular measurements of the $^9$Be$\to$2He events are analyzed. The $^9$Be$\to^8$Be+n fragmentation channel involving the $^8$Be decay from the ground (0$^+$) and the first excited (2$^+$) states to two $\alpha$ particles is observed to be predominant.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, conference: Conference on Physics of Fundamental Interactions, Moscow, Russia, 5-9 Dec 2005 (Author's translation

Electromagnetic dissociation of relativistic 8^8B nuclei in nuclear track emulsion

Experimental data on fragmentation channels in peripheral interactions of $^8$B nuclei in nuclear track emulsions are presented. A detailed analysis made it possible to justify selections of events of the electromagnetic-dissociation process $^8$B $\to^7$Be + \emph{p} and to estimate its cross section. Events of $^{10}$C peripheral dissociation that were observed in the same exposure are described.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, Published in Phys.Atom.Nucl.72:690-701,200