Stimulating of entrepreneurs’ innovative activity in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The article views some aspects of promoting innovative activity in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The measures stimulating innovative activity have been grouped into blocks.1. Creating favorable conditions for innovative activity. 2. Increasing the population’s innovative activity. 3. Development of the system of scientific and production cooperation and innovation commercialization. 4. Investment support of innovative projects. 5. Development of innovative infrastructure. 6. Development of innovative small businesses. 7. Information provision of innovative activity. The main directions of implementing the above-mentioned conditions are: - lawmaking activity in the Republic, taking into consideration the federal legislation, international standards and traditions; - financial and tax inducement of scientific-technical and innovative activity; - international technological integration; - private-state partnership in the sphere of innovative activity. Recommendations are suggested, relating to the innovative policy activation for more efficient fulfillment of the key functions of the Republic’s scientific and research sector. The authors conclude that the Republic has all necessary preconditions for small entrepreneurship functioning: the natural conditions favorable for many kinds of economic activity, the forming local market infrastructure for small business servicing, and the availability of large enterprises and centers of economic activity.Keywords: entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, innovation, innovative activity, region, infrastructure, investments, stimulation, monitoring

Tourism as a way to develop intercultural communications: The Bulgarian Museum-Reserve

The article shows the expediency of the domestic tourism development while several states have closed for Russian tourists. The authors substantiate the necessity of popularization of destinations that contribute to developing intercultural communication. It is determined that the destinations, the territory or objects with recognized historical and cultural value, contribute to the strengthening of good-neighborly relations between modern carriers of cultural differences, the maintenance of socially just contacts and, in a broad sense, the preservation of civil unity. Intercultural communication is considered as the interaction of representatives of different cultures through cultural heritage objects since the success of cultural borrowing and positive perception of differences depends on the volume and intensity of historical and cultural information consumption by a tourist. It was revealed that historical and cultural tourism requires the curiosity of the tourist, an atmosphere of trust and friendliness, and the cultural intelligence accumulated through communications contributes to the development of tolerance and the acceptance of cultural, socio-ethical, religious and other features of the destination. The article characterize destination of the Bulgarian Museum-Reserve, which allows the tourist both indirectly and directly to participate in intercultural communications. The objects of cultural heritage of the city of Bolgar contribute to the awareness of the tourist of the versatility of the historical path of its development: as a center of trade in Ancient Russia and in the Golden Horde period, and as a territory for the adoption of Islam. The authors note the result of the transformation of the Bulgarian Museum-Reserve into a historical and cultural tourist center, e protected by UNESCO as evidence of the interpenetration of heterogeneous cultures preserved to our time

Archaeometry research of silver coins of the Хth century from Volga Bulgaria (preliminary results)

The results of preliminary investigation of the silver coinage material are discussed in this article, including the study of the chemical composition and structure of the transverse failure of six pieces of 10th century coins that were found on the territory of Semenovskoe I settlement. The advantageous geographical position of Volga Bulgaria at the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers predetermined its economic and handicraft development. The Semenovskoe settlement was one of the major Bulgarian trade and handicraft centre in the 10th century. Numerous artifacts testifying to active trading, including a large number of various numismatic material, proof this idea. Samples were analyzed by optical and electron microscopy. The results revealed a particular manufacturing technology of numismatic findings based on the name of the ruler and the time of minting. Analysis of the coins’ fracture showed the appropriateness of the research methodology, which allows to avoid distortions arising from sample preparation. The results have proven incorrect data obtained from studies of the surface layer or thin cross sections. Authors plan to explore these findings in other analytical techniques to create the optimal research complex for the purpose of its application in the study of a wide range of archaeological numismatic material

Комплексное изучение естественнонаучными методами и реставрация сумочки из Красногорского могильника = Comprehensive Study of Natural Science Methods and Conservation of a Handbag from Krasnogorskiy Burial Ground

The article presents the results of a multidisciplinary study of a unique artifact from burial 8 of the Krasnogorskiy ancient Mari burial ground of the X century – a leather purse/handbag with a metal plate on the cover. Handbags of this type are known in the Carpathian Basin, Eastern European region and even found on some Scandinavian burial grounds. Not only the metal plate has been preserved, but also large fragments of organic materials forming the details of the handbag, which allows us to restore the full appearance of the item. A comprehensive study of the handbag made it possible to make a complete reconstruction. At present, this is the only reconstruction of purses/handbags of the sabretache type from medieval burial grounds, made on the basis of analyses of organic and metal parts of the handbag obtained by specialists of various fields. The conservation of the object was carried out by applying the comprehensive study. A specialized study of the materials used in the manufacturing of the handbag allows to reveal a certain similarity with Hungarian handbags, but does not give reason to consider the handbag from the Krasnogorskiy burial ground as a complete copy of them. This article is the first experience of a comprehensive study of items of this type at the international level (Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V.M. Vasilyev, Institute of Archaeology named after A.H. Khalikov, Pázmány Péter Catholic University). The results of the study are preliminary