1,333 research outputs found
The Rb 780-nanometer Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter: Theory and experiment
The Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter may provide ultra-high background noise rejection for free-space laser communications systems. The theoretical model for the filter is reported. The experimental measurements and their comparison with theoretical results are discussed. The results show that the filter can provide a 56-dB solar background noise rejection with about a 2-GHz transmission bandwidth and no image degradation. To further increase the background noise rejection, a composite Zeeman and Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter is designed and experimentally demonstrated
Propagating mode-I fracture in amorphous materials using the continuous random network (CRN) model
We study propagating mode-I fracture in two dimensional amorphous materials
using atomistic simulations. We used the continuous random network (CRN) model
of an amorphous material, creating samples using a two dimensional analogue of
the WWW (Wooten, Winer & Weaire) Monte-Carlo algorithm. For modeling fracture,
molecular-dynamics simulations were run on the resulting samples. The results
of our simulations reproduce the main experimental features. In addition to
achieving a steady-state crack under a constant driving displacement (which had
not yet been achieved by other atomistic models for amorphous materials), the
runs show micro-branching, which increases with driving, transitioning to
macro-branching for the largest drivings. Beside the qualitative visual
similarity of the simulated cracks to experiment, the simulation also succeeds
in explaining the experimentally observed oscillations of the crack velocity
Transition from ion-coupled to electron-only reconnection: Basic physics and implications for plasma turbulence
Using kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we simulate reconnection
conditions appropriate for the magnetosheath and solar wind, i.e., plasma beta
(ratio of gas pressure to magnetic pressure) greater than 1 and low magnetic
shear (strong guide field). Changing the simulation domain size, we find that
the ion response varies greatly. For reconnecting regions with scales
comparable to the ion Larmor radius, the ions do not respond to the
reconnection dynamics leading to ''electron-only'' reconnection with very large
quasi-steady reconnection rates. The transition to more traditional
''ion-coupled'' reconnection is gradual as the reconnection domain size
increases, with the ions becoming frozen-in in the exhaust when the magnetic
island width in the normal direction reaches many ion inertial lengths. During
this transition, the quasi-steady reconnection rate decreases until the ions
are fully coupled, ultimately reaching an asymptotic value. The scaling of the
ion outflow velocity with exhaust width during this electron-only to
ion-coupled transition is found to be consistent with a theoretical model of a
newly reconnected field line. In order to have a fully frozen-in ion exhaust
with ion flows comparable to the reconnection Alfv\'en speed, an exhaust width
of at least several ion inertial lengths is needed. In turbulent systems with
reconnection occurring between magnetic bubbles associated with fluctuations,
using geometric arguments we estimate that fully ion-coupled reconnection
requires magnetic bubble length scales of at least several tens of ion inertial
lengths
’We do not have a writing culture’: exploring the nature of ‘academic drift’ through a study of lecturer perspectives on student writing in a vocational university
Vocational universities are increasingly becoming susceptible to pressures associated with the phenomenon known as ‘academic drift’. Yet the specific influence of such pressures is experienced differently at various institutional levels and by different stakeholders in such universities. Exploring lecturers’ understanding and perceptions of student academic writing can make visible the ways in which these pressures are realised, for example, in the types of writing given value and writing pedagogies deemed suitable in the context of the vocational university. In this paper, we report on an ethnographically shaped study exploring lecturers’ writing pedagogies and perceptions of students as academic writers at a South African vocational university. The study analytically illustrated how wider socio-political, regulatory and ideological framings of these universities were implicated in lecturers’ writing practices and pedagogies. The study found that lecturers and students were generally constricted by narrow vocationalist agendas, which reinforced negative conceptions of students as academic writers. Our findings suggest that while the explicit impact of academic drift drivers was minimally felt at the undergraduate diploma level of study in our research site, this appeared to close off the potential for writing to act as a means to facilitate students’ epistemic access to their disciplines
A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars: III. A Search for Luminous Blue Variables and Other H-alpha Emission-Lined Stars
We describe a search for H-alpha emission-lined stars in M31, M33, and seven
dwarfs in or near the Local Group (IC 10, NGC 6822, WLM, Sextans B, Sextans A,
Pegasus and the Phoenix dwarf) using interference filter imaging with the KPNO
and CTIO 4-m telescope and Mosaic cameras. The survey is aimed primarily at
identifying new Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) from their spectroscopic
similarity to known LBVs, avoiding the bias towards photometric variability,
which may require centuries to manifest itself if LBVs go through long
quiescent periods. Followup spectroscopy with WIYN confirms that our survey
detected a wealth of stars whose spectra are similar to the known LBVs. We
"classify" the spectra of known LBVs, and compare these to the spectra of the
new LBV candidates. We demonstrate spectacular spectral variability for several
of the new LBV candidates, such as AM2, previously classified as a Wolf-Rayet
star, which now shows FeI, FeII and Balmer emission lines but neither the NIII
4634,42 nor HeII 4686 emission that it did in 1982. Profound spectral changes
are also noted for other suspected and known LBVs. Several of the LBV
candidates also show >0.5 mag changes in V over the past 10-20 years. The
number of known or suspected LBVs is now 24 in M31, 37 in M33, 1 in NGC 6822,
and 3 in IC 10. We estimate that the total number of LBVs in M31 and M33 may be
several hundred, in contrast to the 8 known historically through large-scale
photometric variability. This has significant implications for the time scale
of the LBV phase. We also identify a few new WRs and peculiar emission-lined
objects.Comment: Accepted by the Astronomical Journal. Version with higher quality
figures may be downloaded from http://www.lowell.edu/users/massey/has.pdf.g
A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars. I. UBVRI Photometry of Stars in M31 and M33
We present UBVRI photometry obtained from Mosaic images of M31 and M33 using
the KPNO 4-m telescope. The survey covers 2.2 sq degrees of M31, and 0.8 sq
degrees of M33, chosen so as to include all of the regions currently active in
forming massive stars. The catalog contains 371,781 and 146,622 stars in M31
and M33, respectively, where every star has a counterpart (at least) in B, V,
and R. We compare our photometry to previous studies. We provide cross
references to the stars confirmed as members by spectroscopy, and compare the
location of these to the complete set in color-magnitude diagrams. While
follow-up spectroscopy is needed for many projects, we demonstrate the success
of our photometry in being able to distinguish M31/M33 members from foreground
Galactic stars. We also present the results of newly obtained spectroscopy,
which identifies 34 newly confirmed members, including B-A supergiants, the
earliest O star known in M31, and two new Luminous Blue Variable candidates
whose spectra are similar to that of P Cygni.Comment: Accepted by the Astronomical Journal. A version with higher
resolution figures can be found at:
http://www.lowell.edu/users/massey/M3133.pdf.g
A Model Ground State of Polyampholytes
The ground state of randomly charged polyampholytes is conjectured to have a
structure similar to a necklace, made of weakly charged parts of the chain,
compacting into globules, connected by highly charged stretched `strings'. We
suggest a specific structure, within the necklace model, where all the neutral
parts of the chain compact into globules: The longest neutral segment compacts
into a globule; in the remaining part of the chain, the longest neutral segment
(the 2nd longest neutral segment) compacts into a globule, then the 3rd, and so
on. We investigate the size distributions of the longest neutral segments in
random charge sequences, using analytical and Monte Carlo methods. We show that
the length of the n-th longest neutral segment in a sequence of N monomers is
proportional to N/(n^2), while the mean number of neutral segments increases as
sqrt(N). The polyampholyte in the ground state within our model is found to
have an average linear size proportional to sqrt(N), and an average surface
area proportional to N^(2/3).Comment: 8 two-column pages. 5 eps figures. RevTex. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Assessment in higher education : the potential for a community of practice to improve inter-marker reliability
The design, delivery and assessment of a complete educational scheme, such as a degree programme or a professional qualification course, is a complex matter. Maintaining alignment between the stated aims of the curriculum and the scoring of student achievement is an
overarching concern. The potential for drift across individual aspects of an educational scheme (teaching, learning and assessment), together with emerging criticism in extant literature of the reliability of marking processes, suggests that, in practice, maintaining alignment might be more difficult than had previously been assumed. In this paper, the concept of a Community of Practice (CoP) is employed as an analytical lens through which the notion of a markers’ standardisation meeting that focuses on maintaining alignment between the curriculum, the marking scheme and the scoring of student scripts can be
critically examined. Given that the aims and subject content of management learning are both multidimensional and contextual, such meetings have the potential to develop a shared approach to the elaboration and application of the marking scheme. A further role of the CoP is in the
calibration of markers to accommodate further variations in student responses as they arise in the actual marking process. In this respect, the CoP has both descriptive and prescriptive potential in terms of aiding the development of markers of professional accounting examinations and also, we suggest, within accounting education more generally
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