Re-estimation of small-scale fishery catches for U.S. flag-associated island areas in the western Pacific: the last 50 years

Nearshore fisheries in the tropical Pacific play an important role, both culturally and as a reliable source of food security, but often remain under-reported in statistics, leading to undervaluation of their importance to communities. We re-estimated nonpelagic catches for Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), and summarize previous work for American Samoa for 1950−2002. For all islands combined, catches declined by 77%, contrasting with increasing trends indicated by reported data. For individual island entities, re-estima-tion suggested declines of 86%, 54%, and 79% for Guam, CNMI, and American Samoa, respectively. Except for Guam, reported data primarily represented commercial catches, and hence under-represented contributions by subsistence and recreational fisheries. Guam’s consistent use of creel surveys for data collection resulted in the most reliable reported catches for any of the islands considered. Our re-estimation makes the scale of under-reporting of total catches evident, and provides valuable baselines of likely historic patterns in fisheries catches

Fisheries catches for the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem since 1950

Marine fisheries catch data is presented on spatially allocated basis for the Exclusive Economic Zones of the member countries as well as the high seas for the period 1950-2008

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

Fisheries Centre research reports, Vol. 16, no. 9

DIRECTOR'S FORWARD. ABSTRACT. INTRODUCTION. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Human population data. Commercial fisheries data. Subsistence fisheries data. RESULTS. Total catch time series. Subsistence catches. Commercial catches. DISCUSSION. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. REFERENCES. APPENDIX 1: METHODS OF EXPANSION AND ANCHOR POINTS. APPENDIX 2: Inupiat names, common names, and scientific names for species reported. APPENDIX 3: Community information. APPENDIX 4: Participants and notes from data validation workshop.Fisheries Centre (FC)UnreviewedFacultyResearcherGraduat

Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in people with multiple sclerosis: a review

Background and purpose Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease causing a wide range of symptoms including motor and cognitive impairment, fatigue and pain. Over the last two decades, non-invasive brain stimulation, especially transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has increasingly been used to modulate brain function in various physiological and pathological conditions. However, its experimental applications for people with MS were noted only as recently as 2010 and have been growing since then. The efficacy for use in people with MS remains questionable with the results of existing studies being largely conflicting. Hence, the aim of this review is to paint a picture of the current state of tDCS in MS research grounded on studies applying tDCS that have been done to date. Methods A keyword search was performed to retrieve articles from the earliest article identified until 14 February 2021 using a combination of the groups (1) ‘multiple sclerosis’, ‘MS’ and ‘encephalomyelitis’ and (2) ‘tDCS’ and ‘transcranial direct current stimulation’. Results The analysis of the 30 articles included in this review underlined inconsistent effects of tDCS on the motor symptoms of MS based on small sample sizes. However, tDCS showed promising benefits in ameliorating fatigue, pain and cognitive symptoms. Conclusion Transcranial direct current stimulation is attractive as a non-drug approach in ameliorating MS symptoms, where other treatment options remain limited. The development of protocols tailored to the individual's own neuroanatomy using high definition tDCS and the introduction of network mapping in the experimental designs might help to overcome the variability between studies

Fisheries Centre research reports, Vol. 18, no. 1

Director’s Foreword (Ussif Rashid Sumaila). Executive Summary (Sea Around Us). Fisheries catches from the Baltic Sea Large Marine Ecosystem: 1950-2007 (Dirk Zeller, Shawn Booth, Sarah Bale, Peter Rossing, Sarah Harper and Daniel Pauly). Denmark’s marine fisheries catches in the Baltic Sea (1950-2007) (Sarah Bale, Peter Rossing, Shawn Booth and Dirk Zeller). Catch reconstruction for Estonia in the Baltic Sea from 1950–2007 (Liane Veitch, Shawn Booth, Sarah Harper, Peter Rossing and Dirk Zeller). Baltic Sea fisheries catches for Finland (1950-2007) (Peter Rossing, Sarah Bale, Sarah Harper and Dirk Zeller). Germany’s marine fisheries catches in the Baltic Sea (1950-2007) (Peter Rossing, Cornelius Hammer, Sarah Bale, Sarah Harper, Shawn Booth and Dirk Zeller). Catch reconstruction for Latvia in the Baltic Sea from 1950-2007 (Peter Rossinga, Maris Plikshsb, Shawn Bootha, Liane Veitcha and Dirk Zeller). Catch reconstruction for Lithuania in the Baltic Sea from 1950-2007 (Liane Veitch, Sarunas Toliusis, Shawn Booth, Peter Rossing, Sarah Harper and Dirk Zeller). Poland’s fisheries catches in the Baltic Sea (1950-2007) (Sarah Balea, Peter Rossinga, Shawn Bootha, Pawel Wowkonowiczb and Dirk Zeller). Russian fisheries catches in the Baltic Sea from 1950-2007 (Sarah Harper, Sergey Shibaev, Olga Baryshnikova, Peter Rossing, Shawn Booth and Dirk Zeller). Sweden’s fisheries catches in the Baltic Sea (1950-2007) (Lo Persson).Fisheries Centre (FC)UnreviewedFacultyResearcherGraduat