How many lone parents are receiving tax credits?

When data on child poverty in 2003/04 were released, the fall in child poverty since 2002/03 was smaller than had been expected. Brewer et al. (2005) identified several reasons that might explain this, one of which was that the Family Resources Survey (FRS) - the data-set from which the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) income series is currently derived - may have been under-recording the number of families receiving tax credits (or the equivalent level of support in out-of-work benefits) and therefore underestimating the incomes of some low-income families with children. Brewer et al. (2006), who analyse what happened to child poverty between 1998/99 and 2004/05, show that estimates of spending on tax credits received by families with children based on the FRS have been getting increasingly inaccurate over time compared with estimates made by HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC), with around £5 billion of spending on tax credits received by families with children going unrecorded by the FRS in 2004/05. However, a detailed comparison of estimates of the number of families with children receiving tax credits (or equivalent in out-of-work benefits) based on the FRS with the equivalent estimates based on the government's administrative data is confounded by the fact that HMRC estimates that the government is paying the child tax credit and the equivalent in out-of-work benefits to more lone parents than official statistics suggest live in the UK

Tester automatically checks insulation of individual conductors in multiple-strand cables

Insulation tester checks multiple-strand electrical cables in nuclear rocket reactors. It has both manual and automatic capabilities and can check the insulation of a cable with 200 or more conductors in a few minutes

Families and Children Strategic Analysis Programme (FACSAP): Childcare use and mothers’ employment: a review of British data sources

In this paper we investigate recent trends in childcare use amongst families in Great Britain, and provide a thorough comparison of the different household survey and administrative datasets. The three datasets in questions are Families and Children Study (FACS), Family Resources Survey (FRS), Labour Force Survey (LFS) and Parents’ Demand for Childcare (PDFC)

Research and competition: Best partners

NASA's Microgravity Science and Applications Program is directed toward research in the science and technology of processing materials under conditions of low gravity. The objective is to make a detailed examination of the constraints imposed by gravitational forces on Earth. The program is expected to lead ultimately to the development of new materials and processes in Earth-based commercial applications, adding to this nation's technological base. An important resource that U.S. researchers have readily available to them is the new Microgravity Materials Science Laboratory (MMSL) at NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland. A typical scenario for a microgravity materials experiment at Lewis would begin by establishing 1-g baseline data in the MMSL and then proceeding, if it is indicated, to a drop tower or to simulated microgravity conditions in a research aircraft to qualify the project for space flight. A major component of Lewis microgravity materials research work involves the study of metal and alloy solidification fundamentals

Process for the leaching of AP from propellant

A method for the recovery of ammonium perchlorate from waste solid rocket propellant is described wherein shredded particles of the propellant are leached with an aqueous leach solution containing a low concentration of surface active agent while stirring the suspension

Automated tester permits precise calibration of pressure transducers from 0 to 1050 psi

Automated portable checker allows last-minute calibration of pressure transducers before testing. It uses a pressure console and equipment that can produce test pressures of 0-1050 psi. The console can be connected to other apparatus for measurement and visual display of the electrical output

Analysis of carbon dioxide bands near 2.2 micrometers

Carbon dioxide is one of the more important atmospheric infrared-absorbing gases due to its relatively high, and increasing, concentration. The spectral parameters of its bands are required for understanding radiative heat transfer in the atmosphere. The line intensities, positions, line half-widths, rotational constants, and band centers of three overlapping bands of CO2 near 2.2 microns are presented. Non-linear least squares (NLLS) regression procedures were employed to determine these parameters

Equivalent beam modeling using numerical reduction techniques

Numerical procedures that can accomplish model reductions for space trusses were developed. Three techniques are presented that can be implemented using current capabilities within NASTRAN. The proposed techniques accomplish their model reductions numerically through use of NASTRAN structural analyses and as such are termed numerical in contrast to the previously developed analytical techniques. Numerical procedures are developed that permit reductions of large truss models containing full modeling detail of the truss and its joints. Three techniques are presented that accomplish these model reductions with various levels of structural accuracy. These numerical techniques are designated as equivalent beam, truss element reduction, and post-assembly reduction methods. These techniques are discussed in detail